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Italy Enforces Strict Age Checks on Adult Websites as Europe Tightens Online Safety Rules

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Italy has become the latest European nation to enforce strict age-verification requirements on adult websites, marking a significant step in ongoing efforts to shield minors from explicit online content. Under the new rules, websites hosting pornographic material must confirm that users are at least 18 before granting access, even if the platforms do not operate offices inside Italy.

The government has identified 45 major adult content providers — including Pornhub, YouPorn and Redtube — that must comply. Sites will be required to use third-party verification services, which will ask users to upload a copy of a government-issued ID every time they attempt to view adult content. Officials say the move is aimed at preventing underage users from accessing sexually explicit material through easily bypassed age prompts.

Italy’s action aligns with a growing movement across Europe. Several countries have introduced their own legal frameworks in recent years, each designed to strengthen protections for children navigating digital spaces.

In France, legislation passed in 2024 gave media regulator Arcom broad authority to punish platforms that fail to keep minors out. Sites that ignore notices can face fines of up to €150,000, or two percent of the previous year’s global turnover. Repeat violations can trigger fines of €300,000 or four percent of turnover. Arcom also holds the power to instruct internet providers to block violating websites for up to two years, with a 48-hour compliance window.

The French law drew national attention this summer when Aylo — the parent company of Pornhub and Redtube — temporarily cut off access for French users, citing the regulatory burden. Investigations by nonprofit AI Forensics later raised concerns about the reliability of third-party verification tools used in France, noting that some systems shared personal data with outside firms or could be bypassed with simple code edits.

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Spain introduced its own rules in 2022 requiring streaming and video-sharing platforms to create systems that prevent minors from accessing harmful content, including pornography and gratuitous violence. Police have since launched a digital ID app called MiDNI, which offers real-time age confirmation. A separate proposed verification tool, the Cartera Digital Beta wallet, remains on hold pending data-protection clearance.

Germany has some of the region’s toughest standards, insisting on digital verification checks instead of basic age declarations. Platforms must also include parent-controlled filters and appoint an independent youth protection officer. Violations can lead to fines of up to €500,000. German authorities blocked several Aylo-owned sites last year after courts ruled the company had ignored legally binding orders.

The European Union, meanwhile, is testing an age-verification system of its own. The pilot project aims to create a method for users to prove they are adults without revealing personal details. The system is expected to work with the digital identity wallets that all member states must implement by the end of 2026.

As European governments weigh online safety against privacy concerns, the debate over how to protect young users is set to intensify.

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Meta Launches Muse Spark, Its First Major AI Model in Nine Months

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Meta has unveiled its first major AI model in nine months, following a $14.3 billion (€12.24 billion) investment spree and executive hiring push to rival OpenAI and Google. The American tech company introduced the model, called Muse Spark, on Wednesday, claiming it is faster and smarter than its previous technologies.

The company, founded by Mark Zuckerberg, invested $14.3 billion in Scale AI in June 2025 and recruited its CEO and co-founder, Alexandr Wang, to oversee Meta Superintelligence Labs, which houses teams working on foundational AI models. Zuckerberg also embarked on a hiring campaign, bringing in executives from competitors including OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google.

In a blog post, Meta said, “Over the last nine months, Meta Superintelligence Labs rebuilt our AI stack from the ground up, moving faster than any development cycle we have run before. This initial model is small and fast by design, yet capable enough to reason through complex questions in science, math, and health. It is a powerful foundation, and the next generation is already in development.”

Muse Spark is positioned as a significant upgrade over Meta’s last major release, Llama 4, launched in April 2025. The company highlighted that the model excels in advanced reasoning, particularly in scientific, mathematical, and medical queries. To improve its health advice capabilities, Meta worked with over 1,000 physicians to curate training data, aiming for more accurate and comprehensive responses.

The AI model will power the company’s digital assistant in the Meta AI app and website, with planned integration across Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Messenger, and the Ray-Ban Meta AI glasses. A “contemplating mode” will gradually roll out, allowing multiple AI agents to reason in parallel on complex tasks. Meta’s technical blog noted this feature is designed to compete with high-level reasoning in models such as Gemini Deep Think and GPT Pro.

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Zuckerberg emphasized on social media that Meta aims to build AI products that “don’t just answer your questions but act as agents that do things for you.” Unlike conventional chatbots, these AI agents operate autonomously, gathering information based on user preferences to assist without direct human commands.

One notable shift for Meta is the move away from open-source AI models. Unlike earlier releases, Muse Spark is not available for public download, meaning access to the technology is currently restricted. The company said the model is initially available only in the United States.

Muse Spark underscores Meta’s aggressive push into the competitive AI market, combining extensive investment, executive recruitment, and technical innovation to challenge the dominance of established players like OpenAI and Google.

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OpenAI Urges Governments to Rethink Economy as AI Growth Accelerates

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OpenAI has called on governments to rethink the foundations of the economy, warning that artificial intelligence (AI) could soon surpass human intelligence and drastically change how people work, live, and pay taxes. The company outlined its initial policy ideas on Monday, aimed at mitigating the economic disruption caused by rapid AI adoption in the United States and worldwide.

One key proposal is the creation of a public wealth fund that would give citizens a direct stake in AI-driven economic growth. According to the policy document, the fund could invest in diversified, long-term assets, including AI companies and broader firms adopting AI technologies, with returns distributed to all citizens.

The company also suggested that governments encourage businesses to launch four-day workweek pilot programs without any reduction in pay. This approach aims to balance the productivity gains provided by AI with the well-being of workers. Lawmakers are also urged to modernize tax systems by increasing taxation on corporate income and capital gains instead of labor income, which could be affected by AI-related job losses. The report proposes additional measures, such as taxing companies that replace human labor with automation.

OpenAI recommends that social benefits, including retirement pensions and healthcare, be provided through portable accounts that follow individuals across different jobs, industries, and entrepreneurial ventures. This model would help ensure continuity of support in a labor market increasingly influenced by AI.

These recommendations echo broader discussions among AI leaders about the future of work. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and xAI’s Elon Musk have previously highlighted universal basic income as a potential necessity as traditional employment declines. Other tech leaders, including Nvidia’s Jensen Huang and Zoom’s Eric Yuan, have advocated shorter workweeks to distribute productivity gains from AI more evenly.

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Concerns about AI’s long-term impact extend beyond economics. In January, Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei warned that superintelligent AI, capable of outpacing human decision-making, poses “existential danger.” He suggested tighter controls on the export of key technologies, such as semiconductor chips used to train large language models, as one way to manage the risk. Amodei also called for transparency laws requiring AI companies to disclose how they guide their models’ behavior.

OpenAI’s policy document represents an early step in urging governments to address the structural changes AI may bring. The proposals highlight the need to rethink traditional concepts of work, taxation, and social support as the technology continues to advance rapidly.

As AI continues to reshape global economies, policymakers and industry leaders face increasing pressure to develop strategies that protect citizens while fostering innovation and sustainable growth.

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Uzbekistan to Produce Humanoid Robots in Partnership with South Korea

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Uzbekistan has signed an agreement with South Korea’s ROBOTIS to launch humanoid robot production, marking a major step in its high-tech ambitions. At the same time, students across the country are learning robotics and programming, gaining skills that could prepare them for careers in the emerging industry.

The agreement, signed between the UzElTechSanoat Association and ROBOTIS, sets out plans to establish humanoid robot production within Uzbekistan, develop manufacturing infrastructure, and train specialists for the growing robotics sector. ROBOTIS, known for its humanoid platforms and smart robotic actuators, will support the creation of technological foundations and help prepare a workforce capable of designing and operating advanced robotic systems.

The initiative forms part of Uzbekistan’s broader push to build a domestic innovation ecosystem, combining industrial cooperation with education. Early exposure to robotics and programming is at the heart of this strategy.

In a robotics classroom, 12-year-old Mirkomil Shodiev demonstrates the impact of these programs. Using an EVO-3 educational robotics kit, he assembles and programs his own robot, controlling its movements through lines of code. “This was created by me,” he says. “You connect it to a computer, write code, and it performs tasks using the motor.”

Mirkomil began IT classes four months ago, learning Scratch and now studying Python, a programming language widely used in web development, automation, and robotics. He hopes to build websites and earn money in the future, reflecting the growing importance of digital skills in Uzbekistan’s economy.

The government’s Digital Uzbekistan-2030 strategy is expanding nationwide training in programming and digital skills. IT education centres and specialised academies are growing to meet rising demand for technology careers. At the Robot Academy, where Mirkomil studies, students aged eight to fifteen gain hands-on experience in programming, robotics, and engineering. “Our students create scientific projects, develop games, and build Telegram bots,” says teacher Navruz Shaydullayev. “Programming helps develop their thinking, logic, and intellectual abilities.”

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Classroom projects emphasize translating digital commands into physical movement, a key principle behind robotics and industrial automation. Students learn to design, assemble, and control machines independently, building skills that can directly feed into the country’s industrial ambitions.

The partnership with ROBOTIS will extend these educational initiatives into the workforce, providing training for engineers, programmers, and technicians in humanoid robotics. Officials hope the program will strengthen Uzbekistan’s technological competitiveness and create highly skilled jobs in a fast-growing global sector.

For students like Mirkomil, the future is already taking shape. “In the future, I want to continue in this field,” he says. “After finishing the courses, I would like to study in Tashkent as well.” As Uzbekistan prepares to manufacture humanoid robots, classrooms across the country are quietly training the people who may one day build them.

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