Tech
US Tech Giants Brace for Fallout from Trump’s H-1B Visa Fee Hike as UK, China Court Global Talent
Silicon Valley’s biggest firms are facing fresh uncertainty after US President Donald Trump announced a sharp increase in costs for new H-1B visas, a move that could reshape the global competition for skilled technology workers.
Under the new policy, unveiled Friday, companies will be required to pay $100,000 (€85,600) for each new H-1B visa. The program, which allows US employers to hire highly skilled foreign workers in specialized fields such as engineering, computer science, and healthcare, has long been central to the staffing strategies of major tech companies.
Industry heavyweights Amazon, Meta, Apple, Google, and Microsoft are among the largest users of H-1B visas and are expected to be the most affected by the sudden change. Reports over the weekend indicated that several firms, including Amazon and Microsoft, have advised employees on H-1B visas to avoid international travel, warning that leaving the country could jeopardize their legal status amid the shifting rules.
Nearly 400,000 H-1B visas were approved in 2024, according to Pew Research Center. Federal data shows Amazon secured the highest number of approvals in 2025, with around 10,000 new visas issued for its Virginia headquarters. Other major recipients included Tata Consultancy Services (5,500 approvals in Maryland), Microsoft (5,200 in Washington), Meta (5,100 in California), Apple (4,200), and Google (just under 4,200).
Indian nationals remain the largest beneficiaries of the program, accounting for roughly three-quarters of approvals. In January 2025 alone, nearly 17,400 visas were granted to Indian applicants, while China ranked second with close to 3,000 approvals. India’s foreign ministry voiced concern on Saturday, warning that the new restrictions could create “humanitarian consequences by way of the disruption caused for families,” and urging Washington to reconsider.
As the US clamps down, other countries are seizing the opportunity to attract global tech talent. The Financial Times reported Monday that UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s government is weighing new visa perks for top-tier graduates and award-winning scientists, including waiving fees. Britain is also developing a “global talent task force” to lure researchers and digital innovators as part of its growth strategy.
China, meanwhile, introduced a “K visa” program in August, aimed at young professionals with STEM degrees. Effective October 1, the visa will allow multiple re-entries, longer stays, and even the freedom to start companies without the need for a Chinese employer’s invitation. Authorities say the policy is designed to provide “greater convenience” to foreign specialists and expand the country’s innovation ecosystem.
The European Union has also stepped up efforts. In May, Brussels launched its “Choose Europe” campaign to attract US-based academics unsettled by the Trump administration’s immigration agenda. The initiative offers financial incentives, longer-term contracts, and a guarantee of research freedom in an attempt to draw talent away from the United States.
With Washington’s crackdown raising costs and uncertainty for employers, analysts warn the US risks losing its long-standing edge in attracting top international talent. For now, global competitors appear eager to fill the gap.
Tech
Estonia’s AI Education Model Draws Attention as Europe Debates Digital Learning
As European governments weigh how to integrate artificial intelligence into classrooms and allocate funding for digital literacy, Estonia’s approach to AI education is gaining attention as a practical and structured model.
The Baltic nation’s AI Leap programme is designed not only to teach students how to use artificial intelligence tools but also to strengthen critical thinking and teacher involvement at a time when AI is becoming deeply embedded in everyday learning.
Concerns have grown across Europe that while students are increasingly comfortable using AI tools, many struggle to evaluate or question the information these systems generate. Educators and employers have raised concerns that overreliance on chatbots and automated tools could weaken analytical thinking and increase vulnerability to misinformation.
Estonia has chosen to address this challenge directly rather than attempting to limit student exposure to AI.
According to the AI Leap programme, between 64% and 90% of Estonian students were already using AI tools before the initiative began. Programme organisers argued that ignoring this reality could undermine learning and reasoning skills.
The initiative aims to train 48,000 students and 6,700 teachers over two years in a country with a population of just 1.36 million.
The programme has two primary goals: helping teachers adapt to AI-assisted education and encouraging students to develop responsible, thoughtful AI habits.
To support this effort, Estonia has introduced several key measures. Teachers participate in study circles that meet monthly to develop teaching methods and exchange experiences. A central online platform provides educational resources, videos, self-assessment tools and discussion forums.
More than 4,000 teachers are also receiving premium access to advanced AI platforms such as ChatGPT and Gemini to support lesson planning and classroom preparation.
One of the programme’s most distinctive features is a Socratic-style chatbot designed to guide students rather than provide direct answers. The chatbot encourages questioning, self-management and contextual thinking, helping students assess AI-generated information instead of accepting it automatically.
The programme also includes debate leagues, creative arts projects and student-led initiatives aimed at encouraging discussion and experimentation with AI beyond formal classroom settings.
Estonia has placed strong emphasis on management and implementation. School principals oversee local delivery, while nine regional managers coordinate activities across seven educational regions. The initiative operates through a public-private partnership, with the government providing half of the funding and private partners contributing the remainder.
Technology companies, educators and researchers are involved in designing and testing tools tailored to Estonia’s education system.
Education analysts say Estonia’s strategy highlights a broader lesson for Europe: AI literacy may depend less on limiting technology and more on teaching students how to use it thoughtfully, critically and responsibly.
Tech
Report Claims Meta Used Influencers and Doctors to Defend Teen Safety Features
Tech
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