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Generative AI Adoption Varies Widely Across Europe, Survey Finds

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The use of generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Grok has grown significantly across Europe, with millions of people now relying on the technology for personal, work, and educational purposes. These tools can generate new content, including text, images, code, and videos, based on user prompts and patterns learned from existing data.

According to Eurostat, about one-third of Europeans aged 16 to 74 used AI tools at least once in 2025. However, adoption rates vary widely across the continent, with usage ranging from 17 percent in Turkey to 56 percent in Norway. Within the European Union, Denmark leads with 48 percent of people reporting AI use, while Romania has the lowest rate at 18 percent.

Thirteen countries reported that at least two in five people had used Gen AI tools in the three months prior to the survey. These include Switzerland and Estonia (47 percent each), Malta (46 percent), Finland (46 percent), Ireland (45 percent), the Netherlands (45 percent), Cyprus (44 percent), Greece (44 percent), Luxembourg (43 percent), Belgium (42 percent), and Sweden (42 percent).

Conversely, eight countries saw usage fall below 25 percent, including Serbia (19 percent), Italy (20 percent), Bosnia and Herzegovina (20 percent), North Macedonia (22 percent), Bulgaria (23 percent), Poland (23 percent), Turkey (17 percent), and Romania (18 percent). Among major EU economies, Germany (32 percent) and Italy (20 percent) remain below the EU average, while Spain (38 percent) and France (37 percent) slightly exceed it.

Experts say the differences reflect the broader digital landscape and skill levels in each country. Colin van Noordt, a researcher at KU Leuven University in Belgium, told Euronews Next that nations with strong digital foundations, like Denmark and Switzerland, have higher adoption rates because their populations already possess digital skills, frequent internet use, and familiarity with technology.

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“In countries with lower adoption, people often don’t know generative AI exists or are unsure how to use it,” van Noordt said. He added that understanding how AI can be applied in daily life or work, often referred to as “AI literacy,” is a major factor in adoption. Government policies may encourage use, but underlying digital culture and practical skills appear to have a greater impact, he said.

The survey also highlighted differences in how AI is used. Across the EU, personal use (25 percent) exceeds work-related use (15 percent) in every country, though the gap varies. In the Netherlands, personal and work use are nearly equal at 28 percent and 27 percent, respectively. In Greece, 41 percent use AI personally, compared with just 16 percent at work.

Use of AI in formal education is limited, with only 9 percent of Europeans reporting educational use. Sweden and Switzerland lead at 21 percent, while Hungary records just 1 percent. Analysts suggest that uncertainty over practical applications of AI continues to limit workplace and educational adoption.

The Eurostat data underscores a clear north–south and west–east divide in Gen AI adoption, with Nordic and digitally advanced countries leading the way and southern, central-eastern, and Balkan nations trailing.

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Cyberattacks Intensify as Iran Conflict Spills Into Digital Domain

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State-linked and hacktivist groups have claimed a series of cyberattacks against the United States and Israel since the war with Iran began, marking a significant escalation in the digital dimension of the conflict.

One of the most notable incidents involved Stryker, which confirmed on March 11 that a cyberattack had disrupted its global network. According to reports, employees encountered the logo of Handala, an إيران-linked hacking group, on login pages across the company’s systems. The breach reportedly targeted the firm’s Microsoft-based infrastructure, though the full extent of the disruption remains unclear.

Handala has claimed responsibility for the attack, stating it exploited cloud management systems to remotely wipe large numbers of devices worldwide. The group said the operation was carried out in retaliation for a missile strike in Iran. Independent verification of these claims is still pending.

Cybersecurity analysts say the attack is part of a broader campaign by groups linked to Iran’s security apparatus. According to findings from CloudSek, organisations associated with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps have targeted US critical infrastructure. These include CyberAv3ngers, APT33 and APT55, which are accused of attempting to infiltrate industrial systems such as power grids and water facilities.

Experts say some of these groups use simple methods, including default passwords, to access systems, while others deploy malware aimed at disrupting operations or gathering intelligence. Additional networks linked to Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence have also been active, targeting telecommunications, energy companies and government organisations.

At the same time, the United States and Israel are conducting their own cyber operations. General Dan Caine said US Cyber Command played a key role early in the conflict, disrupting Iranian communications and sensor networks. Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth confirmed that artificial intelligence and cyber tools are being used alongside conventional military operations.

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Israeli intelligence has also reportedly relied on hacked data to support military planning, highlighting the growing role of cyber capabilities in modern warfare.

Hacktivist activity has surged as well. More than 60 groups formed a loose coalition known as the Cyber Islamic Resistance, coordinating attacks through online platforms. These groups have claimed hundreds of operations, including attempts to disrupt Israeli infrastructure and private sector systems. Analysts warn that such actors are often less restrained and may pose risks to civilian networks.

The conflict has also drawn in groups from outside the region, including actors based in Iraq, Russia and other parts of the Middle East. Some have targeted government websites and transport infrastructure, while pro-Israeli groups have carried out retaliatory attacks against Iranian entities.

Security experts say the growing scale and coordination of cyber operations reflect a shift in how modern conflicts are fought, with digital attacks now running parallel to military action on the ground.

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Study Finds Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals in Popular Headphones Sold Across Europe

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A new study has found that many headphones sold by major technology brands across the European Union contain chemicals that may interfere with hormone systems, raising concerns about potential long-term health risks for consumers.

The research examined 81 headphone models from more than 50 well-known brands, including Apple, Samsung, Sony and Sennheiser. According to the findings, every device tested contained at least small traces of substances such as bisphenols, phthalates and flame retardants.

The study was conducted by Arnika in cooperation with the ToxFree LIFE for All initiative.

Researchers said bisphenols are commonly used in a wide range of consumer goods, including food packaging, plastic bottles and electronic devices. The European Environment Agency has warned that the chemicals can disrupt hormone-regulating systems and may harm reproductive health.

Phthalates, another group of chemicals detected in the study, are typically added to plastics to increase flexibility and durability. They are often present in items such as cosmetics, fabrics and medical equipment. According to HBM4EU, exposure to certain phthalates has been linked to health problems including obesity, insulin resistance, asthma and attention disorders.

Scientists involved in the research analysed 180 plastic samples taken from both the hard and soft components of the headphones. The products tested included models designed for adults, children and gaming users, groups that often wear headsets for extended periods.

Although the researchers stressed that the headphones do not pose an immediate threat to human health, they warned that repeated exposure over long periods could create public health concerns because there is no clearly established safe level for these chemicals.

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Each product was graded based on potential chemical exposure. Models considered to have the lowest risk received a green rating, those that met legal standards but exceeded stricter voluntary limits were marked yellow, and products considered most concerning were labelled red.

About 44 percent of the headphones tested received a red rating. However, only around 11 percent of those models had harmful substances present in components that come into direct contact with the skin.

The highest level of bisphenols was detected in My First Care earbuds marketed for children and sold on platforms such as Amazon. The researchers did not publicly disclose the exact chemical concentration in the product.

Phthalates were most commonly found in wired headphones, usually in small quantities permitted under European regulations. However, one pair of children’s headphones sold by Temu contained phthalate levels nearly five times higher than the legal limit for children’s products.

Among the models tested, AirPods Pro (2nd generation) and JBL Tune 720BT received the safest ratings.

Following the study’s release, Dutch media reported that several online retailers, including Bol.com, Coolblue and MediaMarkt, stopped selling certain headphone models mentioned in the research. Manufacturers contacted about the findings did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

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China Approves First Commercial Brain Implant as Neuralink Plans Mass Production

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China has granted regulatory approval for the world’s first brain implant intended for commercial use, offering new hope for people with paralysis to regain hand movement. The device, developed by Neuracle Medical Technology, employs a brain-computer interface (BCI) that translates brain signals into physical actions.

BCIs link the nervous system to external devices, allowing users to control technology or prosthetics purely with thought. Neuracle’s system targets individuals whose paralysis stems from severe spinal cord injuries in the neck, which block signals from the brain from reaching the arms and hands.

The implant detects neural signals associated with the intent to move the hand. These signals are interpreted by software and transmitted to a robotic glove worn by the patient. The glove, powered by air-driven mechanisms, enables the hand to open and close, allowing users to grasp objects, according to CGTN.

Eligibility is limited to adults aged 18 to 60 who have experienced paralysis for at least one year and whose condition has remained stable for six months. The device is intended for patients unable to grip objects with their hands but who retain some movement in their upper arms.

China has been ramping up its investment in BCI technology, naming it a national strategic priority and highlighting it as a potential driver of future economic growth. Recent achievements include a successful implant by Shanghai NeuroXess, which allowed a 28-year-old man paralyzed for eight years to control digital devices with his thoughts within five days of receiving the implant.

The Neuracle approval comes as the race to commercialize BCIs intensifies worldwide. US entrepreneur Elon Musk, whose company Neuralink began human trials in 2024, recently announced plans to begin “high-volume production” of Neuralink devices in 2026.

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As of September 2025, 12 participants with severe paralysis had received Neuralink implants, enabling them to operate digital and physical tools with thought alone. Musk’s announcement signals the company’s intent to scale access to BCIs beyond initial trials, positioning both China and the US at the forefront of this emerging field.

The development highlights a significant milestone in neurotechnology, potentially transforming the lives of millions living with paralysis. By translating intent into motion, these devices promise to restore independence to those previously constrained by spinal injuries, while also underscoring the global momentum toward commercial BCI applications.

With China now officially approving a commercial implant and Neuralink preparing for mass production, the coming years could see rapid adoption of technologies that bridge the human mind and machine.

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