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OECD Warns of Sharp Rise in Cyberbullying Across Europe

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Cyberbullying among adolescents has increased across every European country included in a new report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), raising concerns among researchers, educators and child-protection advocates. The findings, part of the OECD’s How’s Life for Children in the Digital Age? report, show that online harassment is now affecting young people in all 29 countries and regions surveyed, with wide disparities between nations.

The data, which covers children aged 11, 13 and 15, reveals rates ranging from 7.5 per cent in Spain to 27.1 per cent in Lithuania. The European average stands at 15.5 per cent. Alongside Lithuania, the countries with the highest levels include Latvia, Poland, England, Hungary, Estonia, Ireland, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, Wales, Finland and Denmark. Nations such as Portugal, Greece, France, Germany and Italy recorded lower-than-average levels.

Cyberbullying in the study refers to repeated or intentional harassment online, including hostile messages, posts designed to ridicule, or the sharing of unflattering or inappropriate images without consent. The OECD noted that online abuse often involves a power imbalance and is amplified by the reach of digital platforms.

Experts attribute national differences to a combination of technological access, cultural norms and institutional preparedness. James O’Higgins Norman, UNESCO Chair on Bullying and Cyberbullying at Dublin City University, said variations in smartphone use, internet penetration and dominant social media platforms influence how often young people are exposed to harmful interactions. He added that cultural attitudes toward conflict and aggression, as well as the quality of school-based prevention programmes, shape each country’s experience.

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Specialists from the European Antibullying Network pointed to digital literacy as a key factor. Countries that teach online safety as part of the school curriculum tend to see better outcomes. They also highlighted broader social and economic inequalities, noting that communities with fewer resources often struggle to support vulnerable children effectively.

The report shows that cyberbullying increased everywhere between the 2017–18 and 2021–22 survey periods. Denmark, Lithuania, Norway, Slovenia, Iceland and the Netherlands recorded jumps of more than five percentage points. The OECD average rose from 12.1 to 15.5 per cent. Researchers say the rise coincided with increased access to smartphones and longer daily screen time among adolescents.

Experts agree that the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the trend. With schools closed and socialising taking place online, young people spent more time on platforms where conflicts could quickly escalate. Digital environments that offer anonymity and instant communication can weaken empathy and accountability, making hostile behaviour more likely, O’Higgins Norman said. He added that some countries are now reporting signs of stabilisation as in-person schooling has resumed.

Girls are more likely than boys to report being cyberbullied in most countries. Across the OECD sample, the rate is 16.4 per cent for girls and 14.3 per cent for boys. Researchers link this gap to the nature of online interactions, as girls tend to engage more in social-media communication, where relational forms of aggression — such as exclusion or image-based harassment — are more common.

Family structure also plays a significant role. Adolescents living in one-parent households report a cyberbullying rate of 19.8 per cent, compared with 14.1 per cent among those living with two parents. Experts say single parents often face heavier time and financial pressures, reducing their capacity to supervise online activity. Young people in such households may also spend more time online for social connection, increasing exposure to risk.

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The OECD’s findings add to growing calls for more comprehensive national strategies, stronger digital-literacy education and support structures that reflect the realities of adolescent online life.

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Report Claims Meta Used Influencers and Doctors to Defend Teen Safety Features

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Meta enlisted parenting influencers, celebrities and medical professionals to help improve public perception of its child safety efforts amid mounting criticism over the impact of social media on young users, according to a new report released by the Tech Transparency Project (TTP).

The Washington-based research group said Meta promoted its Instagram “Teen Accounts” through a broad campaign involving online creators and health experts who shared supportive messages with followers while disclosing partnerships with the company.

The report argues the effort was designed to shape public opinion as Meta faces legal and political pressure over allegations that its platforms have failed to adequately protect minors from harmful content and exploitation.

Teen Accounts, introduced by Instagram for users under 17, include built-in safety measures intended to limit unwanted contact, restrict sensitive content and provide parents with additional supervision tools such as screen-time controls and privacy settings.

According to TTP, Meta invited hundreds of influencers, including parenting content creators known as “momfluencers,” to promotional events focused on the new features. The report alleges many participants later echoed Meta’s messaging on social media, sometimes using hashtags or disclosures indicating paid partnerships.

Among those identified was influencer and former reality television personality Sadie Robertson Huff, who praised Teen Accounts in a video shared with millions of followers.

“They have actually rolled out these new Teen Accounts that I think are absolutely incredible,” Robertson Huff said in a sponsored post highlighted in the report.

Other influencers mentioned included Alexia Delarosa, Noelle Downing and reality television figure Leroy Garrett, who reportedly posted positive comments after attending Meta events.

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Garrett defended his cooperation with the company in comments to CNN, saying discussions about online safety required cooperation from multiple groups to create a safer environment for children.

The report also identified several doctors, psychologists and therapists who publicly supported Teen Accounts. Some reportedly appeared as speakers at Meta-sponsored events.

Among them were adolescent medicine specialist Dr. Hina Talib and psychologist Dr. Ann-Louise Lockhart, both of whom disclosed financial relationships with Meta while sharing supportive posts about the platform’s safety measures.

Talib told researchers she insisted on using her own wording rather than company-provided messaging during her work with Meta.

Meta has not directly responded to the TTP report but told CNN it works with creators and parents to raise awareness about parental controls and online safety tools.

The report also claims Meta used influencers to support legislation that would shift responsibility for age verification onto app stores operated by companies such as Apple and Google. Meta has argued parents should approve minors’ app downloads and that app stores should verify users’ ages.

Critics of those proposals say app-store verification alone would not address wider concerns surrounding addictive features and harmful content on social media platforms.

The findings come as Meta continues to face lawsuits in the United States accusing the company of failing to protect children online, including allegations linked to exploitation and harmful platform design.

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Experts question Musk’s prediction of self-driving dominance within a decade

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Elon Musk has predicted that autonomous vehicles powered by artificial intelligence could account for nearly 90 percent of all driving within the next decade, but industry experts and researchers say major technological and regulatory obstacles make that timeline unlikely.

Speaking at the Samson International Smart Mobility Summit in Tel Aviv, Musk said self-driving technology would rapidly replace human drivers over the next five to 10 years.

“Probably 90 percent of all distance driven will be driven by the AI in a self-driving car,” Musk said, adding that manually driving a vehicle could become a niche activity within a decade.

The comments come as competition intensifies among companies developing autonomous driving systems, including Tesla, Waymo and several Chinese technology firms.

While advances in artificial intelligence have accelerated development in the sector since 2022, analysts say fully autonomous vehicles remain far from becoming mainstream.

Safety concerns continue to challenge the industry. Tesla recently recalled more than 200,000 vehicles in the United States over problems affecting rearview camera displays that regulators warned could increase crash risks.

Waymo has also faced setbacks. The company recalled around 3,800 robotaxis after identifying issues involving vehicles entering flooded roads at unsafe speeds.

Industry specialists say one of the biggest barriers remains what engineers call “long tail scenarios” — rare and unpredictable situations that autonomous systems struggle to interpret correctly.

Ali Kani, vice president of automotive at Nvidia, previously warned that such situations remain difficult for AI systems to manage consistently in real-world conditions.

One example occurred in San Francisco last year when Waymo temporarily suspended service during a citywide power outage. Several driverless vehicles reportedly became stranded after failing to interpret malfunctioning traffic lights.

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Research published by the World Economic Forum suggests fully autonomous personal vehicles are unlikely to become widespread before the mid-2030s. The report estimated that by 2035, only about 4 percent of new cars would feature complete self-driving capability.

Instead, experts expect gradual growth in robotaxi fleets and autonomous freight transport operating in controlled environments or specific urban areas.

Partially automated systems are already becoming more common. Level 2 driving technology, where vehicles can steer, brake and accelerate while drivers remain responsible for supervision, is now widely available in many markets.

Europe currently permits Level 2 systems and has approved limited Level 3 automation under certain conditions. In the United States and China, some cities have already introduced Level 4 robotaxi operations, where vehicles can operate without human intervention in designated environments.

The International Energy Agency said fully driverless Level 5 autonomy, capable of operating under all conditions without human involvement, is still “not currently in sight.”

The agency estimates the global robotaxi fleet could grow to between 700,000 and 3 million vehicles by 2035, concentrated mainly in large cities.

Analysts say autonomous driving technology will continue expanding in the coming years, though most expect human drivers to remain a central part of road transport for decades.

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European Nations Accelerate Military AI Integration Amid Rising Security Demands

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European countries are rapidly expanding the use of artificial intelligence in military operations, shifting from limited experimentation to integrating advanced AI systems into core defence strategies as governments respond to growing geopolitical tensions and evolving battlefield demands.

The latest development came this week when Germany and Ukraine launched the “Brave Germany” programme, a joint initiative expected to include around 5,000 AI-enabled medium-range strike drones. The agreement highlights Europe’s increasing focus on combining artificial intelligence with defence technology as nations seek faster decision-making, improved battlefield awareness and stronger deterrence capabilities.

Defence analysts say several European states, particularly Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Ukraine, are now leading efforts to incorporate AI into military planning, surveillance and weapons systems.

Artificial intelligence has already been used by European armed forces for more than a decade in areas such as logistics, maintenance and personnel management. Researchers say progress accelerated around 2015 as military planners recognised the growing potential of AI technologies.

According to experts at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, current investment is largely centred on two areas: semi-autonomous weapons systems and AI-assisted decision support systems. These technologies are designed to improve operational planning, battlefield management and tactical analysis while still leaving final decisions in human hands.

Germany has emerged as one of the most active countries in the sector. In recent years, Berlin signed agreements with Munich-based defence technology company Helsing to develop AI systems for the Future Combat Air System, Europe’s next-generation fighter jet programme. Germany has also partnered with Swedish defence firm Saab to integrate AI into Eurofighter electronic warfare systems.

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Another major contract worth €269 million will allow Helsing to manufacture AI-enabled loitering munitions, commonly known as kamikaze drones, for German and NATO forces.

The United Kingdom has also expanded its AI ambitions through the Asgard programme, introduced in 2025. The project combines reconnaissance systems, sensors, weapons and AI-supported decision tools aimed at improving battlefield coordination and response times.

Britain has also strengthened ties with American software company Palantir Technologies, which pledged investments of up to £1.5 billion to support AI development in the country.

France, meanwhile, is focusing on building independent European AI capabilities. Paris has partnered with French AI firm Mistral AI to provide advanced AI models and software for military and public sector use, reflecting broader European efforts to reduce reliance on American technology companies.

European Union institutions are also moving forward with AI defence projects under the European Defence Fund. Recent funding rounds included projects involving sovereign European AI support systems, military-focused large language models and AI-assisted artillery technologies.

Despite rapid progress, analysts warn that Europe still faces challenges in turning plans into operational systems quickly enough. Defence experts say bureaucratic procedures and slower political decision-making could delay deployment as other global powers continue to expand their military AI capabilities at a faster pace.

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