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Europe Stands United to Avert Trade War After Trump’s Greenland Tariff Threat
A sudden threat by former US President Donald Trump to impose tariffs to seize Greenland sent Europe scrambling to protect the transatlantic alliance. For five tense days, Trump warned he would apply a 10% tariff on eight NATO member states unless Denmark agreed to sell the semi-autonomous, mineral-rich island.
“This Tariff will be due and payable until such time as a Deal is reached for the Complete and Total purchase of Greenland,” Trump wrote on social media, prompting widespread condemnation from European leaders defending Denmark’s sovereignty.
EU ambassadors met the following day to prepare for 1 February, when the tariffs were set to take effect. France took the lead, calling for the use of the Anti-Coercion Instrument, which allows retaliation across multiple economic sectors. Previously designed for China, the mechanism had never been used, even amid Trump’s 2025 trade negotiations, which divided EU member states.
“Plunging us into a dangerous downward spiral would only aid the very adversaries we are both so committed to keeping out of our strategic landscape,” European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said in Davos. “So our response will be unflinching, united and proportional.”
European capitals quickly prepared for potential retaliation, drafting a €93 billion list of countermeasures. The European Parliament also voted to indefinitely delay the ratification of the EU-US trade deal, blocking zero-tariff benefits for American products agreed in July.
Despite this display of unity, European leaders emphasized diplomacy as their preferred path. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said, “We want to avoid any escalation in this dispute if at all possible. We simply want to try to resolve this problem together.” Finnish President Alexander Stubb described the effort as finding an “off-ramp” to prevent a full-blown clash while safeguarding Greenland.
Early diplomatic overtures faltered. Bilateral meetings with Trump at Davos failed to materialize, and leaks of texts, including one from French President Emmanuel Macron, highlighted the confusion. Trump’s statements at the World Economic Forum, in which he repeatedly referred to Greenland as “Iceland,” kept tensions high.
Yet his insistence that he did not plan to use military force opened a narrow window for negotiation. NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte met with Trump in Davos to establish a “framework deal” enhancing security in Greenland and the Arctic. The agreement, details of which remain confidential, prompted Trump to abandon his tariff threat and territorial ambitions.
By the time EU leaders convened in Brussels for an emergency summit, the atmosphere had eased. Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen later traveled to Nuuk to ensure Denmark and Greenland were included in the discussions.
“Everybody has drawn the conclusion that the relationship is on a different footing,” a senior EU official said, acknowledging the long-term implications of Trump’s actions. Macron praised Europe’s display of unity, while von der Leyen warned the episode underscored the need for a more independent Europe with diverse international partnerships.
While the immediate crisis passed, the Greenland episode left a lasting mark on transatlantic relations and Europe’s approach to US unpredictability.
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Britain and Norway Step Up Naval Patrols to Protect Undersea Infrastructure from Russia
Britain and Norway have launched new joint naval patrols aimed at protecting undersea cables from Russia, with a combined fleet of at least 13 warships safeguarding critical infrastructure in the North Atlantic, officials said. The announcement follows discussions in December between UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre on defense cooperation.
British Defence Secretary John Healey said on Thursday that the operation was designed to deter Russian submarines suspected of “malign activity” near undersea infrastructure north of the UK. A frigate, aircraft, and hundreds of personnel monitored a Russian attack submarine and two spy vessels during an operation lasting more than a month. Healey said the Russian ships eventually left the area.
His message to Moscow was clear: “We see your activity over our cables and our pipelines, and you should know that any attempt to damage them will not be tolerated and will have serious consequences.” Healey emphasized that while global attention is focused on conflicts in the Middle East, Russia remains the main threat to the UK and its allies.
British officials have highlighted the overlap between Russia’s support for Iran and its ongoing war in Ukraine. Tehran has provided Moscow with Shahed drones, which are now also manufactured in Russia under the designation Geran. Healey said, “Putin would want us to be distracted by the Middle East. We will not take our eyes off Putin.”
The UK has also prepared to seize ships suspected of being part of Russia’s “shadow fleet,” a flotilla of old oil tankers of unclear ownership designed to bypass international sanctions imposed over Moscow’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Previously, the UK only assisted France and the US in monitoring such vessels. Healey said, “We are ready to take action” against these ships.
Norwegian Defence Minister Tore O. Sandvik, who signed the joint naval agreement with Healey, said the patrols allow both countries to “defend themselves together.” The deployment builds on a £10 billion (€11 billion) deal for Norway to purchase at least five British-made frigates, which, together with eight British ships, will operate along NATO’s northern flank.
Russian naval activity near UK waters has reportedly risen by 30 percent over the past two years. NATO officials have also warned that attacks on undersea cables are among the “most active threats” to Western infrastructure. Acting Assistant Secretary General for Innovation, Hybrid, and Cyber, James Appathurai, said recent incidents in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere reflect Russia’s long-term undersea program, which includes research ships, submarines, unmanned vehicles, divers, and explosives targeting communications and energy pipelines.
The new UK-Norway patrols signal a heightened focus on securing vital maritime infrastructure amid rising geopolitical tensions and increasing Russian naval operations in European waters.
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