Europe’s energy markets are bracing for a challenging winter as natural gas prices surge, driven by increased demand and supply uncertainties. The Dutch Title Transfer Facility (TTF), Europe’s benchmark for natural gas prices, recently hit a one-year high, reflecting growing concerns over supply shortfalls and geopolitical tensions.

Storage Levels Strong but Under Pressure

Despite early preparations, Europe’s gas storage reserves are facing significant withdrawals due to colder-than-expected weather. Data from Gas Infrastructure Europe shows that the first two weeks of November saw storage levels drop by nearly 4% (4.29 bcm). Current reserves remain robust at 95% capacity, surpassing the EU’s targets, but experts warn of depletion risks.

Dr. Yousef Alshammari, President of the London College of Energy Economics, noted that Europe’s gas reserves may fall below 50% by spring 2025, compared to 60% at the end of the previous winter. “Colder weather and increased heating demand will likely keep prices elevated compared to last year’s relatively mild winter,” Alshammari told Euronews Business.

Geopolitical Tensions and Supply Risks

The geopolitical landscape continues to weigh heavily on energy markets. Gazprom’s recent suspension of natural gas supplies to Austria over a bilateral dispute, coupled with the imminent expiration of a Russia-Ukraine gas transit agreement in January 2025, has heightened concerns about supply disruptions.

The end of the pipeline agreement could remove half of Russia’s remaining gas exports to Europe, exacerbating supply challenges during peak demand. “Any further disruption could force Europe to revert to coal and oil for power generation, which would have broader implications for energy markets,” said Alshammari.

Alshammari also highlighted that political dynamics, particularly the transition to a new U.S. administration, may influence energy prices. He cautioned that further tensions could amplify price volatility for both natural gas and oil.

Renewables and Energy Efficiency Mitigate Some Pressure

Renewable energy’s share of Europe’s electricity production reached 44.7% in 2024, up 12.4% from 2022, according to the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis. Improved energy efficiency and diversification have also helped mitigate demand for natural gas, which fell from 350 bcm in 2022 to 295 bcm in 2024.

However, Alshammari cautioned that renewables alone cannot resolve Europe’s energy challenges. “Countries with strong hydropower capabilities, like Norway and Iceland, are better positioned to avoid price spikes, but a diversified mix, including nuclear energy, is essential,” he said.

With increased reliance on LNG imports and the potential for heightened demand, Europe faces a delicate balancing act to maintain energy security while transitioning to a more sustainable energy future.