Women are leaving technology jobs in Europe largely because of workplace culture, according to a new report that warns the gender gap in the sector could widen as artificial intelligence reshapes the industry.
The study by consulting firm McKinsey & Company found that women accounted for just 19 percent of employees in core technology roles across Europe in 2025, a decline of three percentage points from the previous year. The drop suggests that long-running efforts to improve gender representation in the industry have failed to deliver meaningful progress.
“Workplace culture is the biggest reason why women are leaving their tech jobs,” the report said, adding that the growing influence of artificial intelligence could deepen the divide if companies fail to address the problem.
“As AI reshapes roles and value creation in tech, existing gender gaps could widen without deliberate action,” the report warned.
The gender imbalance becomes even more visible as careers progress. Women’s participation in the technology workforce falls by as much as 18 percentage points before reaching management levels. As a result, women hold only 13 percent of management positions in tech companies and just 8 percent of executive or corporate leadership roles.
Researchers say the early loss of women from the talent pipeline contributes to the lack of representation in leadership positions.
The report also found that women tend to be concentrated in a limited range of roles that do not typically lead to senior leadership positions. Women represent 39 percent of employees in product management and 54 percent in design roles. However, these positions account for a relatively small share of the overall technology workforce and rarely lead to executive decision-making roles.
In fast-growing fields such as artificial intelligence, data and analytics, men continue to dominate entry-level hiring. The report said this trend is especially concerning as AI expands across the sector.
Researchers warned that the imbalance could result in fewer perspectives shaping technologies that increasingly affect society. The report said this could create a “narrowing of perspectives at precisely the levels at which bias, accountability and societal impact must be addressed.”
The challenges facing women in tech persist even in countries known for strong gender equality policies. In Finland, women represent 36 percent of technology workers, while in Sweden the figure is 23 percent.
The study also examined why many women choose to leave the sector. Nearly half of those surveyed reported experiencing sexism or bias in the workplace over the past year. Around 82 percent said they felt pressure to prove themselves more than male colleagues.
Many respondents said they often felt isolated in their roles because they were the only woman on their team or in meetings.
The report also highlighted what it described as “office housework,” which includes tasks such as organising events or mediating team conflicts. Women are more likely to be asked to perform these duties and spend an average of 200 hours a year on them.
McKinsey said companies could address the gap by improving workplace culture, setting clear representation goals and strengthening mentorship programmes. The report also recommended investing in reskilling programmes to help women move into emerging AI roles as the technology workforce evolves.