Tech
EU’s AI Code of Practice Delayed as Tech Giants Push for Simplicity
The European Commission’s long-anticipated voluntary Code of Practice on General-Purpose Artificial Intelligence (GPAI) has been delayed but is now expected to be published before August, according to officials. The code is intended to support compliance with the EU’s AI Act, particularly for developers of large language models and other general-purpose AI systems.
The delay comes amid growing pressure from major U.S. technology companies — including Amazon, IBM, Google, Meta, Microsoft, and OpenAI — who have urged the Commission to streamline the code. Minutes from a meeting held last week between the companies and Werner Stengg, a senior official in the cabinet of EU Tech Commissioner Henna Virkkunen, reveal calls for the code to avoid excessive complexity and administrative burden.
“The code should be as simple as possible, so as to avoid redundant reporting and unnecessary administrative burden,” the companies reportedly told Stengg. They also emphasized that the final version should offer a realistic timeline for implementation and remain within the scope of the AI Act.
Initially scheduled for release on May 2, the final draft was postponed after the Commission received requests for extended consultation periods. Over the past year, the Commission has held a series of workshops and plenary sessions involving around 1,000 participants, including industry experts and civil society representatives. Thirteen experts were formally appointed to contribute to the drafting process.
Previous iterations of the text have drawn criticism from multiple stakeholders. European publishers raised concerns over copyright implications, while tech companies warned that the proposals could hinder innovation. Cultural figures have also weighed in: ABBA’s Björn Ulvaeus, president of the International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers (CISAC), recently cautioned lawmakers against yielding to Big Tech pressures that could erode creative rights.
Despite the delays, the Commission has stated it still aims to publish the revised code before summer. The timing is significant, as the rules related to general-purpose AI tools will enter into force on August 2. Meanwhile, the broader AI Act — which classifies AI systems according to risk levels — is being phased in and will become fully enforceable by 2027.
The forthcoming code is seen as an important step in shaping responsible AI development within the EU, even as debates continue over how best to balance innovation, regulation, and rights protection.
Tech
Estonia’s AI Education Model Draws Attention as Europe Debates Digital Learning
As European governments weigh how to integrate artificial intelligence into classrooms and allocate funding for digital literacy, Estonia’s approach to AI education is gaining attention as a practical and structured model.
The Baltic nation’s AI Leap programme is designed not only to teach students how to use artificial intelligence tools but also to strengthen critical thinking and teacher involvement at a time when AI is becoming deeply embedded in everyday learning.
Concerns have grown across Europe that while students are increasingly comfortable using AI tools, many struggle to evaluate or question the information these systems generate. Educators and employers have raised concerns that overreliance on chatbots and automated tools could weaken analytical thinking and increase vulnerability to misinformation.
Estonia has chosen to address this challenge directly rather than attempting to limit student exposure to AI.
According to the AI Leap programme, between 64% and 90% of Estonian students were already using AI tools before the initiative began. Programme organisers argued that ignoring this reality could undermine learning and reasoning skills.
The initiative aims to train 48,000 students and 6,700 teachers over two years in a country with a population of just 1.36 million.
The programme has two primary goals: helping teachers adapt to AI-assisted education and encouraging students to develop responsible, thoughtful AI habits.
To support this effort, Estonia has introduced several key measures. Teachers participate in study circles that meet monthly to develop teaching methods and exchange experiences. A central online platform provides educational resources, videos, self-assessment tools and discussion forums.
More than 4,000 teachers are also receiving premium access to advanced AI platforms such as ChatGPT and Gemini to support lesson planning and classroom preparation.
One of the programme’s most distinctive features is a Socratic-style chatbot designed to guide students rather than provide direct answers. The chatbot encourages questioning, self-management and contextual thinking, helping students assess AI-generated information instead of accepting it automatically.
The programme also includes debate leagues, creative arts projects and student-led initiatives aimed at encouraging discussion and experimentation with AI beyond formal classroom settings.
Estonia has placed strong emphasis on management and implementation. School principals oversee local delivery, while nine regional managers coordinate activities across seven educational regions. The initiative operates through a public-private partnership, with the government providing half of the funding and private partners contributing the remainder.
Technology companies, educators and researchers are involved in designing and testing tools tailored to Estonia’s education system.
Education analysts say Estonia’s strategy highlights a broader lesson for Europe: AI literacy may depend less on limiting technology and more on teaching students how to use it thoughtfully, critically and responsibly.
Tech
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