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Climate Change Forces European Ski Resorts to Rethink Business Model
Rising temperatures and shrinking snowfall are prompting Europe’s ski resorts to reconsider how they operate, as the effects of climate change increasingly impact winter sports. With the Winter Olympics set to open in Milan-Cortina on February 6, some slopes in the Dolomites remain covered in snow, but in many areas, natural snowfall is unreliable. Resorts now depend heavily on artificial snow, a costly and environmentally taxing solution that is driving up ski pass prices and putting skiing out of reach for many Europeans.
Italy’s Belluno province, home to some of the country’s most famous slopes, illustrates the challenge. Scientists and Olympic officials warn that warming temperatures are affecting the entire Alpine region. A 2021 study by the University of Waterloo found that if global warming reaches four degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, only four former Winter Olympic sites worldwide would remain suitable for snow sports by mid-century. Even if global warming is limited to two degrees Celsius, half of current Alpine locations would struggle to host winter events.
Europe’s winter tourism industry, which generated roughly €180 billion in 2022, is concentrated in the Alps, spanning five EU countries, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland. Germany has the most ski resorts in Europe, with 498, followed by Italy with 349 and France with 317. A 2023 study published in Nature Climate Change estimates that 53 percent of European resorts are at very high risk of insufficient snow under a 2°C warming scenario, with almost all resorts in southern Europe, including the Pyrenees and Apennines, at severe risk.
Artificial snow is being used to supplement natural snowfall, but it comes with high costs. Producing snow on a one-kilometer slope can cost €30,000 to €40,000, while water and electricity consumption are considerable. Snowmaking for one hectare of slope requires about one million liters of water, roughly equivalent to the annual consumption of 1,500 households. Across Europe, operating artificial snow systems for all Alpine resorts would consume around 600 GWh of electricity, comparable to the yearly usage of 130,000 four-person households.
These expenses contribute to rising ski costs. In the past decade, the price of a daily ski pass has increased by an average of 34.8 percent, with the steepest hikes in Switzerland, Austria, and Italy. For example, a Dolomiti Superski pass now costs up to €86 per day, up from €67 in 2021, while in Livigno, prices have risen from €52 to €72 over the same period. Rising costs, combined with the need for equipment and clothing, are making skiing increasingly unaffordable for most local families.
Experts warn that resorts able to maintain snow will likely attract wealthier international tourists, from countries such as the United Kingdom, Spain, and Greece. While this may provide economic benefits, it also raises environmental concerns, as additional travel increases greenhouse gas emissions, further fueling climate change.
François Hugues, a researcher at the French National Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, says, “Even resorts less impacted by warming need to rethink their business models and adapt to global warming, balancing economic survival with environmental sustainability.”
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Cruise Passengers Stranded Amid Escalating Middle East Crisis
The Persian Gulf is currently characterised by hostilities. The Strait of Hormuz is closed to shipping, with only vessels connected to China or Russia allowed to pass. The escalating crisis in the region has left thousands of tourists stranded on cruise ships and disrupted air travel.
On Sunday afternoon, a missile struck the water near the Mein Schiff 4, operated by TUI Cruises, while the ship was docked in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Clouds of black smoke were reported over the water, according to the Bild newspaper. The vessel carries approximately 2,500 passengers and 1,000 crew members, with many due to return to Germany from Dubai. The situation on board is tense, and it is not yet clear if anyone was injured.
Security measures on the ship remain strict. Passengers are prohibited from entering outside decks, are advised to avoid windows, and receive regular alerts on their smartphones about potential incoming missile threats.
A sister ship, Mein Schiff 5, berthed in Doha, Qatar, is also affected. Passengers attempting to fly home from Doha on Saturday were forced to return to the ship after flights were canceled. Many had already boarded aircraft and had to leave luggage at the airport, waiting around ten hours before being taken back to the ship in the evening.
Other cruise lines are similarly affected. Six vessels are currently docked across ports in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Doha. These include the MSC Euribia from MSC Cruises, the Celestyal Discovery and Celestyal Journey from Celestyal Cruises, and the Aroya from the Saudi operator Aroya Cruises.
The closure of airspace in multiple countries in the region has compounded the situation, preventing passengers from flying home. Thousands remain stranded, unsure when they will be able to continue their journeys or be evacuated safely.
The crisis follows US and Israeli strikes in the region on Saturday, which prompted retaliatory attacks by Iran targeting military positions in the Persian Gulf. Cruise passengers, many of whom expected a calm holiday, have instead faced a sudden escalation in regional tensions.
Authorities in ports and embassies are coordinating with shipping companies to maintain safety and provide updates, but the rapidly evolving security situation has made evacuation and travel plans uncertain. Tourists are advised to follow official guidance and avoid unnecessary movement on or around their vessels.
The disruption highlights the wider impact of escalating hostilities in the Gulf, affecting not only commercial shipping but also tourism and international travel. Passengers on affected cruise ships and flights face prolonged delays as authorities work to stabilize the situation and ensure safety in the region.
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Azerbaijan Commemorates Khojaly Massacre with New Memorial and National Ceremony
Azerbaijan held nationwide commemorations on Thursday to mourn the hundreds of civilians killed in February 1992 in the town of Khojaly during the Karabakh conflict with Armenia. President Ilham Aliyev led the ceremonies, inaugurating a new Khojaly Genocide Memorial Complex in Baku to honor the victims of what he described as “the greatest tragedy for the Azerbaijani people.”
Thousands of people gathered at the Khojaly Massacre Memorial in Baku for the National Day of Remembrance. A minute of silence was observed across the country as citizens paid tribute to those who lost their lives over 30 years ago.
Azerbaijani authorities state that 613 civilians, including women and children, were killed when Armenian forces, with the support of the former Soviet Union’s 366th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment, attacked Khojaly. Dozens more were reported missing or injured during the assault, which occurred amid the war between ethnic Armenian forces backed by Armenia and Azerbaijani troops over the Karabakh region and surrounding areas.
Human Rights Watch conducted its own investigation into the incident, attributing direct responsibility for the civilian deaths to Karabakh Armenian forces. Armenia has repeatedly denied the accusations, arguing that the reported death toll was exaggerated and that casualties resulted from fighting between the two sides.
Despite differing accounts, the Khojaly tragedy remains a deeply significant event in Azerbaijan’s collective memory. Commemorations continue to emphasize the human cost of the conflict and the impact on generations of Azerbaijanis.
This year’s ceremonies took place against the backdrop of a peace and reconciliation process between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Both nations have pledged to work toward a more stable and peaceful future following decades of conflict and suffering on both sides.
President Aliyev emphasized the importance of remembering the past while looking forward. The newly inaugurated memorial complex aims to provide a permanent site for reflection, ensuring that the victims of Khojaly are remembered by future generations.
The National Day of Remembrance has become a focal point for public reflection and national unity, drawing participants from across Azerbaijan. Observers note that the ceremonies serve both to honor the victims and to reinforce awareness of the historical and ongoing challenges in the Karabakh region.
Over 30 years after the massacre, Khojaly continues to hold a central place in Azerbaijani history. Thursday’s events highlighted the nation’s efforts to commemorate the past while supporting dialogue and cooperation with Armenia to foster lasting peace in the South Caucasus.
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Four Killed After Clash Between Cuban Coast Guards and US-Registered Boat
Cuban border guards shot and killed four people aboard a Florida-registered speedboat on Wednesday after the vessel allegedly failed to stop in Cuban territorial waters and opened fire on a patrol boat, authorities in Havana said.
In a statement, the Cuban Ministry of Interior said the boat was detected about one nautical mile from Falcones Cay in Villa Clara province. A patrol unit was dispatched to identify the vessel and its occupants. Officials said the speedboat refused to comply with orders and that gunfire broke out during the encounter.
According to the ministry, six other passengers were injured in the exchange. The commander of the Cuban patrol boat, which carried five crew members, was also wounded. Authorities said all injured individuals were taken to safety and received medical treatment.
Cuba’s government later stated that the 10 people on board were armed Cuban nationals residing in the United States who were attempting to enter the island to carry out what it described as terrorist acts. Officials added that most of the passengers had a history of criminal and violent activity.
Two of the passengers were identified as Amijail Sánchez González and Leordan Enrique Cruz Gómez, both of whom Cuban authorities say are wanted in connection with activities linked to terrorism. The government said it obtained details about those on board through questioning of detainees after the confrontation.
The ministry reaffirmed its commitment to defending the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity against threats by land, sea or air.
In Washington, Marco Rubio said US officials were gathering information to determine whether the victims were American citizens or permanent residents. Speaking at the airport in Basseterre, Saint Kitts, where he was attending a regional summit with Caribbean leaders, Rubio said the United States would independently verify the facts.
He emphasised that the incident was not a US government operation and declined to speculate about the ownership of the boat or the intentions of those on board. Rubio said US authorities would establish what happened before deciding on any response.
The clash comes at a time of heightened tensions between Washington and Havana. Donald Trump recently imposed an oil blockade on Cuba, citing its support for Venezuela’s former president, Nicolás Maduro. The measures have cut off oil and financial flows from Venezuela to Cuba.
Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel has rejected US pressure, insisting that any dialogue must respect Cuba’s sovereignty. Cuban officials have criticised the oil restrictions, saying they are harming the island’s economy and public services.
The investigation into Wednesday’s shooting remains ongoing.
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