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EU Leaders to Discuss Electricity Price Reforms at March Summit
European Union leaders will meet in March to explore measures aimed at reducing electricity prices, with options including decoupling electricity from gas costs and addressing the rise of negative energy prices, where producers effectively pay consumers for surplus power.
Energy-intensive industries such as steel, cement, and chemicals have long complained about high electricity costs, which have forced the closure of hundreds of production sites across the EU. Since February 2024, 101 chemical plants have shut down, resulting in the loss of 75,000 jobs and 25 million tonnes of production capacity. Electricity prices in the EU now remain roughly double those in the United States, raising concerns over the bloc’s industrial competitiveness.
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President António Costa have both acknowledged the urgency of the issue. In March, Brussels plans to consider revisiting the current pricing system, in which electricity costs are linked to gas prices. Spain and Portugal have long called for reform of the market design, aiming to improve connectivity with the rest of Europe and address competition concerns. Austria and the Czech Republic have also criticized soaring energy costs, calling for urgent solutions.
The EU’s merit order system, which sets electricity prices based on the most expensive resource needed to meet demand, has contributed to high industrial costs. In 2025, renewable energy averaged €24 per megawatt-hour, nuclear €52, and gas €100. Von der Leyen said that leaders held “intense discussions” on whether adjustments to the system were needed to improve affordability.
The EU has introduced mechanisms such as Contracts for Difference and Power Purchase Agreements to complement the merit order system. These measures include caps and floors and are sometimes backed by state guarantees, but they have not fully resolved the gap between EU electricity costs and international competitors.
The European steel industry, Eurofer, welcomed von der Leyen’s renewed focus, noting that even a single fossil-fuel plant can determine the price for all electricity, inflating industrial bills. Eurofer warned that high electricity costs are delaying investment and the transition to green technologies.
Negative energy prices are also shaping the debate. Oversupply from renewables can force generators to pay the grid to accept excess power, a phenomenon Council President Costa said highlights the need for better interconnections and technical solutions.
Industry experts say expanding storage and demand-side management is key to reducing volatility. Tinne Van der Straeten, CEO of WindEurope, called for greater investment in grid infrastructure and energy storage to ensure that companies can use renewable power when it is abundant. Catarina Augusto of SolarPower Europe added that scaling up battery storage tenfold by 2030 and improving flexibility in energy systems is essential to prevent waste and stabilise prices.
With electricity costs threatening industrial competitiveness and green transition goals, EU leaders face pressure to implement practical reforms at the March summit.
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EU Must End ‘Naivety’ on Trade and Confront China’s Industrial Strategy, Says French Minister
France’s Minister for Foreign Trade, Nicolas Forissier, has called on the European Union to abandon what he described as “naivety” in its approach to global trade, urging a tougher stance on countries accused of distorting markets through industrial policy and trade practices.
Speaking in an interview with Euronews’ 12 Minutes With programme, Forissier said Europe must respond more firmly to what he described as the weaponisation of trade dependencies, warning that China in particular could damage its own long-term interests by undermining European industry.
“The Chinese have to understand that they won’t win anything if they destroy the European industry and then the European market, which is an essential market for them,” he said. “We must no longer be naive.”
His comments come as the European Commission prepares to hold an “orientation debate” next week on how to respond to a surge of low-cost Chinese imports. The discussion is expected to shape possible new trade defence measures, with further talks likely when EU leaders meet in Brussels in mid-June.
Forissier said the shift in thinking was not limited to China alone but applied to any country using commercial leverage to gain strategic advantage. “It is not only China,” he said. “It is all the countries that weaponise trade.”
Among the proposals under consideration is a requirement for EU companies to diversify supply chains, sourcing components from at least three different suppliers in order to reduce dependency on any single foreign market. Asked whether he supported such a measure, Forissier replied: “Yes, we have to.”
Other options include targeted tariffs on sensitive industries such as chemicals, alongside stronger use of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy tools to counter imports priced below domestic market levels. These measures are designed to address concerns over overcapacity in China’s industrial sector and its impact on European manufacturers.
The debate is taking place against a backdrop of widening trade imbalances. EU goods imports from China exceeded exports by €359.3 billion in 2025, marking an increase of nearly 20% compared with the previous year.
China has already warned it could retaliate if the bloc imposes new restrictions, raising concerns about potential escalation in trade tensions between two of the world’s largest economies.
France has repeatedly pushed for a more assertive European trade policy, arguing that state subsidies, export controls on raw materials and industrial overproduction in major economies are distorting global markets.
Forissier stressed that Europe must maintain open dialogue with Beijing while defending its own industrial base. “We try to respect the Chinese,” he said. “The Chinese have to respect us, and this is the message European institutions have to send.”
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