OpenAI, the company behind ChatGPT, has taken a significant step toward a possible stock market listing after filing confidential preliminary paperwork with the US Securities and Exchange Commission, signalling its intent to explore becoming a publicly traded company.

The San Francisco-based artificial intelligence firm confirmed the filing on Monday, marking another milestone in its gradual transition toward public markets and placing it alongside other major technology players preparing for potential listings.

Chief executive Sam Altman had previously indicated that an initial public offering would likely be the company’s “most likely path,” citing the enormous capital requirements needed to develop advanced artificial intelligence systems at scale.

Founded in 2015 as a non-profit focused on building safe and broadly beneficial artificial intelligence, OpenAI has since evolved into a corporate structure valued at about $852 billion. Its rapid commercial expansion has been driven largely by the global adoption of ChatGPT and related AI tools.

The latest filing comes as the company navigates intensifying competition from rivals including Google and Anthropic, both of which are investing heavily in large-scale AI models. Analysts have noted that the race for computing power and infrastructure has placed significant financial pressure on leading firms in the sector.

Industry analyst Nate Elliott described the timing as challenging, noting that OpenAI faces rising competitive pressure while still requiring substantial funding to support its operations. He added that public markets may represent one of the few viable sources of capital at the scale the company needs.

OpenAI has already undergone major structural changes, including a transition to a public benefit corporation while remaining under the oversight of its non-profit parent organisation. The restructuring was widely seen as a step toward eventual public listing.

The company also recently resolved a legal dispute involving co-founder Elon Musk, who had challenged OpenAI’s shift toward a for-profit model. A federal jury dismissed the case, clearing a major legal obstacle for the company’s corporate direction.

OpenAI has not disclosed revenue figures or provided a timeline for profitability, but continues to invest heavily in data centres, research and model training. Like several leading AI firms, it remains unprofitable as it prioritises expansion in a rapidly evolving sector.

In a statement, the company said the filing was not tied to an immediate listing decision and that timing remains flexible. It noted that remaining private still offers operational advantages, although public markets could become preferable depending on future conditions.

Chief financial officer Sarah Friar has previously said the company is preparing as though it will eventually be listed, highlighting that public markets offer significantly greater access to capital compared with private funding sources.

OpenAI chief executive Sam Altman has also outlined long-term ambitions that include developing automated AI research systems and expanding access to advanced AI capabilities globally. He said the company aims to ensure that economic gains from artificial intelligence are broadly distributed as the technology continues to advance.

Inflation is climbing again across Europe in the aftermath of renewed instability in the Middle East, while wage growth in job postings is failing to keep pace, leaving many workers with shrinking purchasing power.

Data from Eurostat shows that inflation in the European Union reached 3.2% in April 2026, the highest level since early 2024, with preliminary estimates indicating continued increases into May. The rise marks a reversal of the easing trend seen through most of 2024 and early 2025, when price growth had stabilised below 3%.

The renewed inflationary pressure follows global energy disruptions linked to the recent US-Israel-Iran conflict, which has pushed oil and gas prices higher and fed through into consumer costs. Earlier inflation shocks in 2022, triggered by the war in Ukraine and energy shortages, had already weakened household finances across the continent.

However, wage growth has not kept up. According to job postings tracked by Indeed, advertised salary increases across the eurozone are now lagging behind inflation, reversing gains made since late 2023. In April 2026, posted wage growth stood at 2.3%, compared with inflation of 3.0%, widening the gap between earnings and living costs.

Economists say this shift has eroded real wages across much of Europe. Aubrey Woessner, associate economist at Indeed Hiring Lab, noted that “inflationary pressures from the global energy price shock have started to show in the European data, eroding real wage gains.”

Earlier in the year, the situation appeared more stable. In January 2026, posted wages grew by 2.4% while inflation stood at 1.7%, suggesting modest real income growth. That balance has since reversed, with rising energy prices driving consumer costs higher at a faster rate than salaries.

The impact varies across Europe. The United Kingdom remains one of the few economies where wage growth still exceeds inflation, with posted wages rising 4% year-on-year compared with inflation of 2.8%. However, analysts warn that even there, real wage growth is slowing.

Pawel Adrjan, director of economic research at Indeed, said the UK still retains a “real-wage cushion” that much of the eurozone has already lost, although he cautioned that weakening hiring conditions could erode gains if energy prices remain elevated.

In Germany and Ireland, wage growth also slightly outpaces inflation, but only marginally. Italy and France, by contrast, are experiencing the sharpest pressure on household incomes. In France, inflation has climbed to 2.5% while wage growth remains at 1.1%. In Italy, inflation has consistently outstripped wage increases, deepening the gap in 2026.

With inflation rising and pay growth stagnating, economists warn that household budgets across Europe are likely to remain under pressure in the months ahead.