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EU Leaders to Discuss Electricity Price Reforms at March Summit
European Union leaders will meet in March to explore measures aimed at reducing electricity prices, with options including decoupling electricity from gas costs and addressing the rise of negative energy prices, where producers effectively pay consumers for surplus power.
Energy-intensive industries such as steel, cement, and chemicals have long complained about high electricity costs, which have forced the closure of hundreds of production sites across the EU. Since February 2024, 101 chemical plants have shut down, resulting in the loss of 75,000 jobs and 25 million tonnes of production capacity. Electricity prices in the EU now remain roughly double those in the United States, raising concerns over the bloc’s industrial competitiveness.
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President António Costa have both acknowledged the urgency of the issue. In March, Brussels plans to consider revisiting the current pricing system, in which electricity costs are linked to gas prices. Spain and Portugal have long called for reform of the market design, aiming to improve connectivity with the rest of Europe and address competition concerns. Austria and the Czech Republic have also criticized soaring energy costs, calling for urgent solutions.
The EU’s merit order system, which sets electricity prices based on the most expensive resource needed to meet demand, has contributed to high industrial costs. In 2025, renewable energy averaged €24 per megawatt-hour, nuclear €52, and gas €100. Von der Leyen said that leaders held “intense discussions” on whether adjustments to the system were needed to improve affordability.
The EU has introduced mechanisms such as Contracts for Difference and Power Purchase Agreements to complement the merit order system. These measures include caps and floors and are sometimes backed by state guarantees, but they have not fully resolved the gap between EU electricity costs and international competitors.
The European steel industry, Eurofer, welcomed von der Leyen’s renewed focus, noting that even a single fossil-fuel plant can determine the price for all electricity, inflating industrial bills. Eurofer warned that high electricity costs are delaying investment and the transition to green technologies.
Negative energy prices are also shaping the debate. Oversupply from renewables can force generators to pay the grid to accept excess power, a phenomenon Council President Costa said highlights the need for better interconnections and technical solutions.
Industry experts say expanding storage and demand-side management is key to reducing volatility. Tinne Van der Straeten, CEO of WindEurope, called for greater investment in grid infrastructure and energy storage to ensure that companies can use renewable power when it is abundant. Catarina Augusto of SolarPower Europe added that scaling up battery storage tenfold by 2030 and improving flexibility in energy systems is essential to prevent waste and stabilise prices.
With electricity costs threatening industrial competitiveness and green transition goals, EU leaders face pressure to implement practical reforms at the March summit.
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Britain and Norway Step Up Naval Patrols to Protect Undersea Infrastructure from Russia
Britain and Norway have launched new joint naval patrols aimed at protecting undersea cables from Russia, with a combined fleet of at least 13 warships safeguarding critical infrastructure in the North Atlantic, officials said. The announcement follows discussions in December between UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre on defense cooperation.
British Defence Secretary John Healey said on Thursday that the operation was designed to deter Russian submarines suspected of “malign activity” near undersea infrastructure north of the UK. A frigate, aircraft, and hundreds of personnel monitored a Russian attack submarine and two spy vessels during an operation lasting more than a month. Healey said the Russian ships eventually left the area.
His message to Moscow was clear: “We see your activity over our cables and our pipelines, and you should know that any attempt to damage them will not be tolerated and will have serious consequences.” Healey emphasized that while global attention is focused on conflicts in the Middle East, Russia remains the main threat to the UK and its allies.
British officials have highlighted the overlap between Russia’s support for Iran and its ongoing war in Ukraine. Tehran has provided Moscow with Shahed drones, which are now also manufactured in Russia under the designation Geran. Healey said, “Putin would want us to be distracted by the Middle East. We will not take our eyes off Putin.”
The UK has also prepared to seize ships suspected of being part of Russia’s “shadow fleet,” a flotilla of old oil tankers of unclear ownership designed to bypass international sanctions imposed over Moscow’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Previously, the UK only assisted France and the US in monitoring such vessels. Healey said, “We are ready to take action” against these ships.
Norwegian Defence Minister Tore O. Sandvik, who signed the joint naval agreement with Healey, said the patrols allow both countries to “defend themselves together.” The deployment builds on a £10 billion (€11 billion) deal for Norway to purchase at least five British-made frigates, which, together with eight British ships, will operate along NATO’s northern flank.
Russian naval activity near UK waters has reportedly risen by 30 percent over the past two years. NATO officials have also warned that attacks on undersea cables are among the “most active threats” to Western infrastructure. Acting Assistant Secretary General for Innovation, Hybrid, and Cyber, James Appathurai, said recent incidents in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere reflect Russia’s long-term undersea program, which includes research ships, submarines, unmanned vehicles, divers, and explosives targeting communications and energy pipelines.
The new UK-Norway patrols signal a heightened focus on securing vital maritime infrastructure amid rising geopolitical tensions and increasing Russian naval operations in European waters.
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