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TUC Warns Gender Pay Gap May Persist Until 2056 Without Faster Action
Moves to close the gender pay gap will not be successful until 2056 if progress remains at its current rate, according to the Trades Union Congress (TUC). The union federation highlighted that women in the UK earn on average 12.8% less than men, equivalent to £2,548 a year.
Analysis of official pay data shows the gap is widest in the finance and insurance sector at 27.2%, while the leisure service industry records the smallest difference at 1.5%. Even in female-dominated fields such as education and health and social care, pay disparities remain high, at 17% and 12.8% respectively.
The gender pay gap measures the difference in salaries paid to men and women within the same industries. Employers in the UK with more than 250 staff are required to publish pay data. The TUC noted that these disparities mean the average woman effectively works for 47 days each year without pay compared to male colleagues.
“Women have effectively been working for free for the first month and a half of the year compared to men,” TUC general secretary Paul Nowak said. He stressed that the ongoing cost-of-living pressures make this inequity even more pressing, adding, “They deserve their fair share.”
Nowak acknowledged recent changes under the Employment Rights Act as a step toward pay parity but called for broader reforms. He urged the government to improve access to paid parental leave so that “mums and dads can better share care,” and emphasised the need for flexible working and affordable childcare.
The TUC also pointed to age as a factor in the pay gap, noting that women aged 50-59 experience the largest disparities. The organisation attributes this in part to long-term effects of women pausing or reducing their careers to take on caring responsibilities.
Business groups have warned that expanding benefits and leave provisions could increase costs for employers and discourage hiring. Matthew Percival, director for the Future of Work and Skills at the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), said, “The cost of doing business is already leading to firms cutting jobs. With major changes to employment laws coming down the line, the government must be extra careful not to add to those pressures.”
Employers will soon be required to publish plans outlining how they intend to reduce the gender pay gap. A government spokesperson highlighted ongoing measures, saying, “Combined with changes to flexible working, stronger protections for expectant and new mothers, and wider action to review parental leave and to expand childcare entitlements, we are tackling the root causes of the gender pay gap and backing women to succeed at work.”
The TUC’s warnings underline the scale of the challenge, suggesting that without accelerated efforts, progress toward pay equality remains decades away.
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Britain and Norway Step Up Naval Patrols to Protect Undersea Infrastructure from Russia
Britain and Norway have launched new joint naval patrols aimed at protecting undersea cables from Russia, with a combined fleet of at least 13 warships safeguarding critical infrastructure in the North Atlantic, officials said. The announcement follows discussions in December between UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre on defense cooperation.
British Defence Secretary John Healey said on Thursday that the operation was designed to deter Russian submarines suspected of “malign activity” near undersea infrastructure north of the UK. A frigate, aircraft, and hundreds of personnel monitored a Russian attack submarine and two spy vessels during an operation lasting more than a month. Healey said the Russian ships eventually left the area.
His message to Moscow was clear: “We see your activity over our cables and our pipelines, and you should know that any attempt to damage them will not be tolerated and will have serious consequences.” Healey emphasized that while global attention is focused on conflicts in the Middle East, Russia remains the main threat to the UK and its allies.
British officials have highlighted the overlap between Russia’s support for Iran and its ongoing war in Ukraine. Tehran has provided Moscow with Shahed drones, which are now also manufactured in Russia under the designation Geran. Healey said, “Putin would want us to be distracted by the Middle East. We will not take our eyes off Putin.”
The UK has also prepared to seize ships suspected of being part of Russia’s “shadow fleet,” a flotilla of old oil tankers of unclear ownership designed to bypass international sanctions imposed over Moscow’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Previously, the UK only assisted France and the US in monitoring such vessels. Healey said, “We are ready to take action” against these ships.
Norwegian Defence Minister Tore O. Sandvik, who signed the joint naval agreement with Healey, said the patrols allow both countries to “defend themselves together.” The deployment builds on a £10 billion (€11 billion) deal for Norway to purchase at least five British-made frigates, which, together with eight British ships, will operate along NATO’s northern flank.
Russian naval activity near UK waters has reportedly risen by 30 percent over the past two years. NATO officials have also warned that attacks on undersea cables are among the “most active threats” to Western infrastructure. Acting Assistant Secretary General for Innovation, Hybrid, and Cyber, James Appathurai, said recent incidents in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere reflect Russia’s long-term undersea program, which includes research ships, submarines, unmanned vehicles, divers, and explosives targeting communications and energy pipelines.
The new UK-Norway patrols signal a heightened focus on securing vital maritime infrastructure amid rising geopolitical tensions and increasing Russian naval operations in European waters.
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