Business
Eurozone Services Rebound in December, but Manufacturing Slump Persists
The eurozone’s economy ended 2024 on a mixed note, as a rebound in the services sector partially offset a prolonged manufacturing slump, according to flash data from S&P Global. December’s Composite PMI rose to 49.5 from November’s 48.3, surpassing expectations of 48.2 but remaining below the 50-mark, indicating contraction.
Services Sector Lifts Overall Activity
The services sector showed renewed vigor, with its PMI climbing to 51.4 in December from 49.5 the previous month, signaling a return to growth after a brief contraction. This recovery helped buoy overall economic activity despite manufacturing woes. The manufacturing PMI recorded its 21st consecutive monthly decline, reflecting ongoing struggles in the sector.
“While manufacturing is still deep in recession, the rebound in services output is a welcome boost for the overall economy,” said Dr. Cyrus de la Rubia, Chief Economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank.
However, signs of weakness persisted. New orders and job cuts in the services sector accelerated at the fastest pace in four years, raising concerns about labor market resilience as the eurozone enters 2025.
Inflation Pressures Resurface
Inflationary pressures re-emerged in December, with input costs and output prices rising for the third consecutive month. Wage increases were a significant driver, leading businesses to pass costs onto consumers.
“The PMI price indicators offer little reassurance,” de la Rubia noted. “Input costs are climbing, and businesses are responding with higher selling prices.”
The European Central Bank’s cautious monetary stance, including a recent 25-basis-point rate cut, appears justified as inflation concerns persist.
Germany and France Remain in Contraction
Germany and France, the eurozone’s two largest economies, continued to weigh on overall performance. Both nations recorded contracting business activity, albeit at a slower pace than previous months.
In Germany, the services sector showed tentative signs of stabilization, supported by rising real wages. Analysts are cautiously optimistic about a potential recovery, particularly with upcoming snap elections in February, which could provide greater political clarity.
France, however, faced ongoing challenges. Manufacturing remained a weak spot, with low domestic and international orders dragging on performance. The country’s services sector also struggled to sustain momentum after a summer boost from the Paris Olympics. Businesses cited political uncertainty as a significant barrier to growth.
Market Reaction
Financial markets reacted cautiously to the PMI data. The euro remained steady at $1.0510, while bond yields in the eurozone held firm. However, equities showed strain, with the Euro STOXX 50 and Euro STOXX 600 down 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively.
France’s CAC 40 underperformed, falling 0.6%, following Moody’s downgrade of France’s credit rating from Aa2 to Aa3, citing fiscal instability.
Outlook
While the services rebound offers a glimmer of hope, challenges remain for the eurozone. Political uncertainty in Germany and France, coupled with ongoing manufacturing struggles and inflation, could hinder recovery efforts heading into 2025.
Economists warn that while services momentum is encouraging, a sustained recovery will require addressing deeper structural and political challenges.
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Global Markets Slide as Fed’s Hawkish Rate Cut Triggers Bond Yield Surge
Global markets are poised to end the week on a downward trend after the U.S. Federal Reserve’s hawkish rate cut on Wednesday led to a surge in government bond yields and drained liquidity.
Stock Markets Decline
Major equity markets across the globe experienced significant losses, with Thursday marking one of the broadest selloffs since August. The Fed’s decision, which projected fewer rate cuts in 2025, dashed hopes for a year-end “Santa Rally” and spurred negative sentiment among investors.
In the U.S., the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 3.39% over the past five trading days, while the S&P 500 dropped 3.04% and the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite slid 2.8%. The small-cap Russell 2000 was hit hardest, tumbling 5.5%. All 11 sectors of the S&P 500 ended the week in negative territory, with real estate and energy leading losses at 6.84% and 6.76%, respectively.
In Europe, major indices also posted significant declines. The pan-European Stoxx 600 fell 2.32%, Germany’s DAX dropped 2.14%, France’s CAC 40 slipped 1.55%, and the UK’s FTSE 100 shed 2.35%. Declines in energy and industrial stocks weighed heavily on these markets, with oil and metal prices under pressure.
Bond Yields Soar
The Fed’s stance sent yields on benchmark government bonds soaring. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield rose to 4.56%, its highest level since May, while Germany’s 10-year bond yield climbed to 2.3%, a one-month high.
Divergent Central Bank Policies
Central banks around the world responded differently to economic conditions.
In the UK, the Bank of England held interest rates steady at 4.75% but signaled caution about future rate cuts. Governor Andrew Bailey emphasized a gradual approach, contrasting sharply with the Fed’s hawkish outlook. This divergence weakened the British pound to its lowest level since May.
Meanwhile, the Bank of Japan maintained its policy rate and gave no clear guidance on future hikes, causing the yen to weaken against the dollar. In China, the People’s Bank of China left its loan prime rates unchanged, likely influenced by the Fed’s position.
Economic Data and Outlook
In the U.S., third-quarter GDP growth was revised upward to an annualized rate of 3.1%, reinforcing the Fed’s cautious approach to easing. However, New Zealand slipped into a technical recession after consecutive quarters of contraction.
The week’s developments underscore challenges for global markets as they navigate mixed economic signals, tightening monetary policies, and geopolitical uncertainties.
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