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US Nuclear Weapons in Germany Raise Security Questions Amid Rising Global Tensions
As the Bundeswehr marks its 70th anniversary in Berlin, the celebration is shadowed by growing anxiety over Germany’s security. Around 20 US nuclear weapons are currently stored in the country—modernised, ready for use, and symbolic of Washington’s longstanding commitment to Europe’s defence. Yet experts warn that this deterrent may not guarantee protection if the United States hesitates to act in a crisis.
The weapons, believed to be B61-12 hydrogen bombs stored at Büchel Air Base in Rhineland-Palatinate, can be deployed by fighter jets such as the Eurofighter. Their destructive capacity remains immense. The bombs form part of the US nuclear umbrella extended to NATO allies since the Cold War, but concerns have deepened over the reliability of that shield under President Donald Trump, who has questioned aspects of NATO’s mutual defence commitments.
“It has never been and cannot be certain that the US will actually deploy nuclear weapons. It is not a guarantee. But the important thing is that the enemy cannot rule it out,” said political scientist and security expert Karl-Heinz Kamp, a former president of the Federal Academy for Security Policy and an associate fellow at the German Council on Foreign Relations. “Deterrence is pure speculation. It has held up so far, for 50 years.”
Reports from several US media outlets suggest that the United States brought new nuclear weapons to Europe over the summer, with signs including flight paths and the delivery of F-35 fighter jets designed to carry tactical nuclear weapons. Germany has also ordered a fleet of F-35s, expected to arrive in 2026.
Since the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, nuclear deterrence has returned to the forefront of European security debates. Russian President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly brandished nuclear threats, touting his arsenal of about 5,500 warheads and showcasing intercontinental missiles such as the RS-24 “Yars.” Kamp noted that while Putin uses nuclear rhetoric as a political tool, actual deployment remains unlikely. “Whoever shoots first, dies second. That is not a desirable state of affairs,” he said.
Still, questions persist about whether US nuclear weapons in Germany could be relocated to NATO’s eastern flank, including the Baltic states, Poland, or Romania, as a stronger warning to Moscow. Kamp acknowledged this possibility, calling such a move a potential “signal to Russia.”
Anti-nuclear groups, including ICAN Germany, continue to demand the withdrawal of US weapons from German territory, arguing that they make the country a target rather than a protectorate.
While some analysts argue that Germany could technically produce its own nuclear arsenal, Kamp described the idea as politically untenable given Germany’s post-war commitments. The nation is bound by the 1990 Two Plus Four Treaty and the 1969 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, both of which prohibit it from developing nuclear weapons.
Public opinion also stands firmly against the idea. Only about a third of Germans support developing domestic nuclear arms. For now, Germany’s security remains anchored within NATO, protected not only by the United States but also by the nuclear capabilities of France and the United Kingdom.
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WHO Warns Congo Ebola Outbreak Could Surpass West Africa’s Deadliest Epidemic
The World Health Organization has warned that an Ebola outbreak in eastern Congo is spreading so rapidly that it could surpass the devastating West African epidemic of 2014 to 2016, which killed more than 11,000 people.
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said Wednesday that the current outbreak had already killed more than 2,000 people among over 4,300 reported cases. He warned that the outbreak is advancing faster than health authorities can contain it.
“At its current pace, it’s on track to eclipse the West African Ebola outbreak of 2014 to 2016,” Tedros told reporters.
The West African epidemic, which affected countries including Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, recorded at least 28,000 cases and took about eight months to reach 1,000 deaths. The speed of the current outbreak has raised serious concerns among health officials and international agencies.
The Congo outbreak was officially declared on May 15, but genetic sequencing later showed that the virus had been circulating since February. This earlier start has complicated efforts to trace infections and establish effective control measures.
The outbreak is concentrated in eastern Congo, where conflict, poor infrastructure and limited healthcare capacity have made the response more difficult. The affected region lies close to the borders with South Sudan, Uganda and Rwanda.
Many new cases and deaths are being recorded in communities that are difficult for health workers to reach. Medical facilities in some areas lack equipment and resources, while some health workers have reportedly stopped working because of unpaid wages.
Misinformation has also created obstacles. Health officials say some communities remain suspicious of outsiders and are reluctant to visit clinics, making it harder to identify cases and prevent further transmission.
“The outbreak had a big head start, still way ahead of us, and we’re playing catch-up,” Tedros said.
Dr Abdirahman Mahamud, WHO director for health emergency alert and response operations, said the agency expects the outbreak to reach its peak within six months under a moderate scenario. He warned that the outbreak could continue for nine to 12 months under a more severe scenario.
The outbreak is caused by the Bundibugyo virus, a rare Ebola strain for which no approved vaccine or treatment is currently available. Clinical trials of two potential treatments began last month in Ituri, the province reporting the highest number of cases.
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