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Loy Krathong Festival to Illuminate Thailand with Tradition and History This November
As Thailand prepares to celebrate Loy Krathong on November 15, the annual festival will once again see thousands of people gathering by rivers, lakes, and ponds to release decorative floats, or “krathongs,” as an offering to the water goddess. Observed on the full moon of the 12th month in the Thai lunar calendar, this enchanting tradition is one of Thailand’s most beloved cultural events, attracting locals and tourists alike to experience the beauty of light and water.
Though Loy Krathong events take place across Thailand, the most significant celebration is held in Sukhothai, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and former capital of the Kingdom of Siam. Sukhothai’s week-long Festival of Lights features grand parades, fireworks, and light shows that transform the city’s ancient monuments, creating a dramatic display against the backdrop of historic temples and serene ponds. This immersive experience allows visitors to explore the city’s heritage with an unforgettable ambiance of celebration.
Sukhothai’s historical significance lies in its role as the first capital of Siam, dating back to the 13th and 14th centuries, before Ayutthaya became the new capital in 1438. The Sukhothai Historical Park, which houses well-preserved Buddhist monasteries and examples of early Thai architecture, draws visitors from around the world. Wat Mahathat, the centerpiece of the park, and Wat Si Chum, with its iconic seated Buddha, are among the must-see landmarks.
“The first impression for many tourists visiting Sukhothai is how peaceful it is, how the local lifestyle coexists harmoniously with the historical sites,” says Sirawee Lamsudjai, a cultural officer at Sukhothai’s Ramkhamhaeng National Museum. “The city has retained its charm and offers a unique glimpse into Thai culture and history.”
Sukhothai is also recognized for its innovations, particularly in water management. The ancient city’s hydraulic engineering system included a network of reservoirs, ponds, and canals that supplied water for agriculture, daily life, and religious rituals. UNESCO praises this early engineering as a testament to the advanced knowledge of water management in ancient Siam.
While Sukhothai is often considered the birthplace of Loy Krathong, historians debate its origins. Tongthong Chandransu, a historian specializing in Thai cultural history, notes that although candle and firework festivals were documented, early records do not mention krathongs specifically. Instead, it is believed that the ritual evolved over time, with the floats symbolizing gratitude to Phra Mae Khongkha, the Goddess of Water, for the essential role water plays in Thai life.
Today, concerns about environmental sustainability have led to the development of biodegradable krathongs made from bread or natural materials, as traditional banana plant floats accumulate waste in waterways. Some participants opt for virtual krathongs or use pools to celebrate without affecting local ecosystems.
With its rich history, cultural depth, and stunning display of lights, Loy Krathong remains a cherished Thai tradition, offering a unique look into the country’s heritage. Sukhothai, located six hours by car or an 80-minute flight from Bangkok, is a particularly atmospheric setting for the festival. For those interested in history, the Ramkhamhaeng National Museum near the historical park exhibits artifacts unearthed during excavations, adding context to the city’s storied past.
As the full moon rises over Thailand’s waters, Loy Krathong will continue to enchant visitors, symbolizing the beauty of tradition in harmony with nature.
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Chickenpox Outbreak Spreads Through Gaza Camps as Overcrowding and Vaccine Gaps Raise Alarm
A chickenpox outbreak is spreading rapidly through displacement camps in Gaza, with around 9,300 cases recorded across more than 130 health facilities in just two weeks.
Doctors and health workers say the actual number of infections is likely much higher because many patients are treated in tents or local clinics and never reach hospitals. The UN health cluster attributed the rise to severe overcrowding, high summer temperatures and worsening access to clean water.
More than half of the reported cases were recorded in Khan Younis governorate. Health teams also registered more than 18,000 new cases of infectious skin diseases across Gaza during the same week, including scabies, head lice and impetigo.
Isolation, which is recommended for children with chickenpox, is nearly impossible in many displacement camps. Families of six or more often live together in tents measuring only a few square metres, while in some locations multiple families share a single tent.
Hamada Abu Ghali, who is displaced in Nuseirat, said doctors told his daughter to stay apart from other family members after she was diagnosed with chickenpox. But the family had no space to follow the advice.
“Before the war we had a house and rooms, but today all of us are in one tent,” he said.
Ahmed Abu Hussein, displaced in Deir al-Balah, said children continued to play together because families could not keep them inside cramped shelters.
“We can’t control them or keep them inside the tent, so the infection ends up spreading to the whole family,” he said.
At Al-Rantisi Children’s Hospital, paediatric consultant Dr Sharif Mattar said official figures probably represented only a fraction of the outbreak. Many children are treated in displacement sites and primary healthcare centres, leaving their cases out of hospital statistics.
Nurse Sheimaa Hajji said health centres were seeing more children with widespread rashes. Treatment has largely focused on easing itching and preventing secondary bacterial infections, but supplies are running short.
The outbreak is being worsened by a vaccination crisis. Bassam Zaqout, director of Medical Relief in Gaza, said thousands of children born during the war had been unable to complete routine vaccination schedules. Restrictions on vaccine deliveries have also limited efforts to improve community protection.
Health officials have warned that chickenpox can pose additional risks to pregnant women, while maternity services in Gaza remain severely limited.
The World Health Organisation said the health system continues to operate with restricted capacity because of damaged facilities, shortages of medicines and a lack of medical staff.
UN field teams have also reported unsafe water supplies and sewage flowing around displacement sites.
The UN health cluster has increased the distribution of fever medicines, anti-itch treatments and antibiotics for bacterial complications. Health education teams have also been deployed.
Aid agencies warn that these efforts will not be enough without a major increase in medical supplies, clean water and hygiene materials reaching Gaza.
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