Tech
Meta to Use AI Interactions for Advertising, Raising Fresh Privacy Concerns
Meta Platforms, the parent company of Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger, has announced that it will begin using conversations with its artificial intelligence (AI) products to deliver targeted advertising and recommendations — a shift that has sparked debate about transparency and privacy.
The new policy means that both text and audio interactions with Meta’s AI digital assistant, available across its apps as well as through a standalone site and in Ray-Ban Meta smart glasses, will be factored into advertising profiles. According to the company, the data could influence what kind of ads or recommended content a user sees.
Adam Mosseri, head of Instagram, sought to dispel long-standing rumours that the company listens to users’ conversations via their microphones. “I swear, we do not listen to your microphone,” he said in a video posted Wednesday. But the platform may no longer need to — its AI will now serve as a more direct way of shaping personalised ads.
Meta’s privacy and data policy manager Christy Harris said the change is a “natural progression” of its personalisation strategy. She gave the example of a user planning a family holiday with the digital assistant. “The Reels that I see on my Facebook feed or other types of content that is recommended to me could include family-friendly travel destinations,” Harris explained. “It could include ads for hotels or other signals informed by the conversation that I have had with Meta AI.”
The rollout will begin in the United States, where users will receive notifications from 7 October, with the changes taking effect on 16 December. Meta has confirmed it will extend the system to the United Kingdom and the European Union at a later stage, once it navigates regulatory requirements.
Europe’s strict General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) rules could present a significant hurdle. Meta has previously delayed launches of new products in the region, including its AI assistant, which arrived in Europe eight months later than in the United States due to compliance issues. Regulators have yet to comment on how the company’s new advertising approach will fit within existing data protection frameworks.
Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg has previously hinted at monetising the AI assistant, saying there would be “opportunities to either insert paid recommendations” or create a subscription model offering expanded services. The company says its AI tools already have more than one billion active monthly users across its platforms.
While Meta insists the move is aimed at improving user experience, critics are likely to see it as another example of the tech giant pushing the boundaries of data use. For now, users will not be able to opt out of the AI-driven advertising changes, raising fresh concerns over how much control individuals have over their online information.
Tech
Estonia’s AI Education Model Draws Attention as Europe Debates Digital Learning
As European governments weigh how to integrate artificial intelligence into classrooms and allocate funding for digital literacy, Estonia’s approach to AI education is gaining attention as a practical and structured model.
The Baltic nation’s AI Leap programme is designed not only to teach students how to use artificial intelligence tools but also to strengthen critical thinking and teacher involvement at a time when AI is becoming deeply embedded in everyday learning.
Concerns have grown across Europe that while students are increasingly comfortable using AI tools, many struggle to evaluate or question the information these systems generate. Educators and employers have raised concerns that overreliance on chatbots and automated tools could weaken analytical thinking and increase vulnerability to misinformation.
Estonia has chosen to address this challenge directly rather than attempting to limit student exposure to AI.
According to the AI Leap programme, between 64% and 90% of Estonian students were already using AI tools before the initiative began. Programme organisers argued that ignoring this reality could undermine learning and reasoning skills.
The initiative aims to train 48,000 students and 6,700 teachers over two years in a country with a population of just 1.36 million.
The programme has two primary goals: helping teachers adapt to AI-assisted education and encouraging students to develop responsible, thoughtful AI habits.
To support this effort, Estonia has introduced several key measures. Teachers participate in study circles that meet monthly to develop teaching methods and exchange experiences. A central online platform provides educational resources, videos, self-assessment tools and discussion forums.
More than 4,000 teachers are also receiving premium access to advanced AI platforms such as ChatGPT and Gemini to support lesson planning and classroom preparation.
One of the programme’s most distinctive features is a Socratic-style chatbot designed to guide students rather than provide direct answers. The chatbot encourages questioning, self-management and contextual thinking, helping students assess AI-generated information instead of accepting it automatically.
The programme also includes debate leagues, creative arts projects and student-led initiatives aimed at encouraging discussion and experimentation with AI beyond formal classroom settings.
Estonia has placed strong emphasis on management and implementation. School principals oversee local delivery, while nine regional managers coordinate activities across seven educational regions. The initiative operates through a public-private partnership, with the government providing half of the funding and private partners contributing the remainder.
Technology companies, educators and researchers are involved in designing and testing tools tailored to Estonia’s education system.
Education analysts say Estonia’s strategy highlights a broader lesson for Europe: AI literacy may depend less on limiting technology and more on teaching students how to use it thoughtfully, critically and responsibly.
Tech
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Tech
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