Tech
Concerns Grow Over Mental Health Risks of AI Chatbots Amid Rising Use
As the use of AI-powered chatbots expands, mental health professionals are voicing concerns about their unintended risks, particularly for vulnerable users who may rely on them for emotional support.
Amelia, a 31-year-old from the United Kingdom who asked for her name to be changed, first turned to ChatGPT while on medical leave for depression. She described the chatbot’s responses as initially “sweet and supportive.” But over time, her interactions took a darker turn. “If suicidal ideation entered my head, I would ask about it,” she told Euronews Next.
Although the chatbot never encouraged harmful behavior, it provided clinical-style summaries of suicide methods when prompted in specific ways. Amelia said this access was troubling: “I had never researched a suicide method before because that information felt inaccessible. But when I had it on my phone, I could just open it and get an immediate summary.” She has since stopped using chatbots and is now under the care of medical professionals.
Her experience underscores wider anxieties about the role of artificial intelligence in mental health. According to the World Health Organization, more than one billion people worldwide live with mental health disorders, and many lack adequate access to treatment. In this context, AI companions such as ChatGPT, Pi, and Character.AI are increasingly being used as substitutes for human connection.
“AI chatbots are readily available, offering 24/7 accessibility at minimal cost,” said Dr. Hamilton Morrin, Academic Clinical Fellow at King’s College London. “But some models not designed for therapeutic use can respond in ways that are misleading or unsafe.”
A July survey by Common Sense Media found that 72 percent of teenagers had used AI companions at least once, with more than half using them regularly. Researchers warn that such reliance can lead to “AI psychosis,” a term describing distorted thinking or delusional beliefs amplified by repeated chatbot interactions.
Concerns have already reached the courts. In California, parents have filed a lawsuit against OpenAI, alleging that ChatGPT contributed to their son’s death by suicide. OpenAI has since acknowledged that its systems have not always behaved appropriately in sensitive contexts and announced new safety controls to flag signs of acute distress. Meta, the parent company of Facebook and Instagram, has also pledged to block its chatbots from discussing self-harm or eating disorders with teenagers.
Experts argue that safeguards must go further. Suggested measures include requiring chatbots to remind users they are not human, detecting signs of psychological distress, and setting strict conversational boundaries on intimate or harmful topics. “AI platforms must involve clinicians, ethicists, and human-AI specialists in auditing emotionally responsive systems,” Dr. Morrin said.
Despite the risks, professionals stress that the technology is not inherently harmful but should never replace human care. “AI offers many benefits to society, but it should not replace the human support essential to mental health,” said Dr. Roman Raczka, President of the British Psychological Society. “Greater investment in mental health services is critical to ensure people receive timely, in-person support.”
Tech
Estonia’s AI Education Model Draws Attention as Europe Debates Digital Learning
As European governments weigh how to integrate artificial intelligence into classrooms and allocate funding for digital literacy, Estonia’s approach to AI education is gaining attention as a practical and structured model.
The Baltic nation’s AI Leap programme is designed not only to teach students how to use artificial intelligence tools but also to strengthen critical thinking and teacher involvement at a time when AI is becoming deeply embedded in everyday learning.
Concerns have grown across Europe that while students are increasingly comfortable using AI tools, many struggle to evaluate or question the information these systems generate. Educators and employers have raised concerns that overreliance on chatbots and automated tools could weaken analytical thinking and increase vulnerability to misinformation.
Estonia has chosen to address this challenge directly rather than attempting to limit student exposure to AI.
According to the AI Leap programme, between 64% and 90% of Estonian students were already using AI tools before the initiative began. Programme organisers argued that ignoring this reality could undermine learning and reasoning skills.
The initiative aims to train 48,000 students and 6,700 teachers over two years in a country with a population of just 1.36 million.
The programme has two primary goals: helping teachers adapt to AI-assisted education and encouraging students to develop responsible, thoughtful AI habits.
To support this effort, Estonia has introduced several key measures. Teachers participate in study circles that meet monthly to develop teaching methods and exchange experiences. A central online platform provides educational resources, videos, self-assessment tools and discussion forums.
More than 4,000 teachers are also receiving premium access to advanced AI platforms such as ChatGPT and Gemini to support lesson planning and classroom preparation.
One of the programme’s most distinctive features is a Socratic-style chatbot designed to guide students rather than provide direct answers. The chatbot encourages questioning, self-management and contextual thinking, helping students assess AI-generated information instead of accepting it automatically.
The programme also includes debate leagues, creative arts projects and student-led initiatives aimed at encouraging discussion and experimentation with AI beyond formal classroom settings.
Estonia has placed strong emphasis on management and implementation. School principals oversee local delivery, while nine regional managers coordinate activities across seven educational regions. The initiative operates through a public-private partnership, with the government providing half of the funding and private partners contributing the remainder.
Technology companies, educators and researchers are involved in designing and testing tools tailored to Estonia’s education system.
Education analysts say Estonia’s strategy highlights a broader lesson for Europe: AI literacy may depend less on limiting technology and more on teaching students how to use it thoughtfully, critically and responsibly.
Tech
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Tech
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