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Azerbaijan Highlights Progress in Armenia Reconciliation Process, Sets Goals for 2026
Azerbaijan’s Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov reviewed developments in the reconciliation process with Armenia during his annual end-of-year press conference, emphasizing achievements in 2025 and outlining priorities for the year ahead.
Bayramov described 2025 as a productive year in efforts to normalize ties between the two countries. A key milestone came on 8 August, when Azerbaijani and Armenian leaders met at the White House in Washington to sign significant agreements aimed at ending decades of conflict and moving toward full normalization.
“The process of building something from scratch has begun,” Bayramov told reporters, referring to steps taken to restore trade and cooperation. He highlighted the launch of Azerbaijani fuel exports to Armenia by rail through Georgia, the first such trade in decades. The first shipment of Azerbaijani fuel successfully crossed the Georgian border despite initial challenges over proposed tariffs. Georgian authorities intervened to ensure fees were aligned with market conditions, allowing the trade to proceed smoothly.
Bayramov noted that trade between the two countries is not limited to petroleum. “While there were some objections on the Armenian side regarding oil, they were marginal,” he said. “We see potential for expanding commerce in other sectors as well.”
Infrastructure development remains a key focus. Azerbaijan is constructing the necessary facilities to connect its western regions to the Nakhchivan Republic by rail, a project that stalled after the second Karabakh War. Armenia is expected to develop the corresponding infrastructure on its territory, with bilateral negotiations supported by the United States addressing legal frameworks, regulations, and institutional arrangements. Bayramov indicated that Azerbaijani railways are expected to reach the Armenian border in 2026.
The reconciliation process has also advanced through mutual visits at the expert level. Bayramov said experts and international centers visited both countries twice this year, fostering cooperation and mutual understanding.
Border delimitation is another area of progress. Approximately 12 kilometers of the Azerbaijan-Armenia border have already been demarcated, with related regulations approved. Bayramov explained that the delimitation process will proceed from north to south, beginning at the Azerbaijan-Armenia-Georgia tri-border point and concluding at the Azerbaijan-Armenia-Iran border. Enclave and exclave issues will be addressed as part of this process.
“The progress made in 2025 sets the stage for continued cooperation in 2026,” Bayramov said, expressing optimism about expanding economic ties, trade, and infrastructure links, and strengthening security along shared borders.
Officials from both sides will continue working to maintain momentum in the reconciliation process, with trade, transport, and border management forming key pillars of ongoing efforts to establish durable peace and regional connectivity.
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EU Must End ‘Naivety’ on Trade and Confront China’s Industrial Strategy, Says French Minister
France’s Minister for Foreign Trade, Nicolas Forissier, has called on the European Union to abandon what he described as “naivety” in its approach to global trade, urging a tougher stance on countries accused of distorting markets through industrial policy and trade practices.
Speaking in an interview with Euronews’ 12 Minutes With programme, Forissier said Europe must respond more firmly to what he described as the weaponisation of trade dependencies, warning that China in particular could damage its own long-term interests by undermining European industry.
“The Chinese have to understand that they won’t win anything if they destroy the European industry and then the European market, which is an essential market for them,” he said. “We must no longer be naive.”
His comments come as the European Commission prepares to hold an “orientation debate” next week on how to respond to a surge of low-cost Chinese imports. The discussion is expected to shape possible new trade defence measures, with further talks likely when EU leaders meet in Brussels in mid-June.
Forissier said the shift in thinking was not limited to China alone but applied to any country using commercial leverage to gain strategic advantage. “It is not only China,” he said. “It is all the countries that weaponise trade.”
Among the proposals under consideration is a requirement for EU companies to diversify supply chains, sourcing components from at least three different suppliers in order to reduce dependency on any single foreign market. Asked whether he supported such a measure, Forissier replied: “Yes, we have to.”
Other options include targeted tariffs on sensitive industries such as chemicals, alongside stronger use of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy tools to counter imports priced below domestic market levels. These measures are designed to address concerns over overcapacity in China’s industrial sector and its impact on European manufacturers.
The debate is taking place against a backdrop of widening trade imbalances. EU goods imports from China exceeded exports by €359.3 billion in 2025, marking an increase of nearly 20% compared with the previous year.
China has already warned it could retaliate if the bloc imposes new restrictions, raising concerns about potential escalation in trade tensions between two of the world’s largest economies.
France has repeatedly pushed for a more assertive European trade policy, arguing that state subsidies, export controls on raw materials and industrial overproduction in major economies are distorting global markets.
Forissier stressed that Europe must maintain open dialogue with Beijing while defending its own industrial base. “We try to respect the Chinese,” he said. “The Chinese have to respect us, and this is the message European institutions have to send.”
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