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Azerbaijan Highlights Progress in Armenia Reconciliation Process, Sets Goals for 2026
Azerbaijan’s Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov reviewed developments in the reconciliation process with Armenia during his annual end-of-year press conference, emphasizing achievements in 2025 and outlining priorities for the year ahead.
Bayramov described 2025 as a productive year in efforts to normalize ties between the two countries. A key milestone came on 8 August, when Azerbaijani and Armenian leaders met at the White House in Washington to sign significant agreements aimed at ending decades of conflict and moving toward full normalization.
“The process of building something from scratch has begun,” Bayramov told reporters, referring to steps taken to restore trade and cooperation. He highlighted the launch of Azerbaijani fuel exports to Armenia by rail through Georgia, the first such trade in decades. The first shipment of Azerbaijani fuel successfully crossed the Georgian border despite initial challenges over proposed tariffs. Georgian authorities intervened to ensure fees were aligned with market conditions, allowing the trade to proceed smoothly.
Bayramov noted that trade between the two countries is not limited to petroleum. “While there were some objections on the Armenian side regarding oil, they were marginal,” he said. “We see potential for expanding commerce in other sectors as well.”
Infrastructure development remains a key focus. Azerbaijan is constructing the necessary facilities to connect its western regions to the Nakhchivan Republic by rail, a project that stalled after the second Karabakh War. Armenia is expected to develop the corresponding infrastructure on its territory, with bilateral negotiations supported by the United States addressing legal frameworks, regulations, and institutional arrangements. Bayramov indicated that Azerbaijani railways are expected to reach the Armenian border in 2026.
The reconciliation process has also advanced through mutual visits at the expert level. Bayramov said experts and international centers visited both countries twice this year, fostering cooperation and mutual understanding.
Border delimitation is another area of progress. Approximately 12 kilometers of the Azerbaijan-Armenia border have already been demarcated, with related regulations approved. Bayramov explained that the delimitation process will proceed from north to south, beginning at the Azerbaijan-Armenia-Georgia tri-border point and concluding at the Azerbaijan-Armenia-Iran border. Enclave and exclave issues will be addressed as part of this process.
“The progress made in 2025 sets the stage for continued cooperation in 2026,” Bayramov said, expressing optimism about expanding economic ties, trade, and infrastructure links, and strengthening security along shared borders.
Officials from both sides will continue working to maintain momentum in the reconciliation process, with trade, transport, and border management forming key pillars of ongoing efforts to establish durable peace and regional connectivity.
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Britain and Norway Step Up Naval Patrols to Protect Undersea Infrastructure from Russia
Britain and Norway have launched new joint naval patrols aimed at protecting undersea cables from Russia, with a combined fleet of at least 13 warships safeguarding critical infrastructure in the North Atlantic, officials said. The announcement follows discussions in December between UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre on defense cooperation.
British Defence Secretary John Healey said on Thursday that the operation was designed to deter Russian submarines suspected of “malign activity” near undersea infrastructure north of the UK. A frigate, aircraft, and hundreds of personnel monitored a Russian attack submarine and two spy vessels during an operation lasting more than a month. Healey said the Russian ships eventually left the area.
His message to Moscow was clear: “We see your activity over our cables and our pipelines, and you should know that any attempt to damage them will not be tolerated and will have serious consequences.” Healey emphasized that while global attention is focused on conflicts in the Middle East, Russia remains the main threat to the UK and its allies.
British officials have highlighted the overlap between Russia’s support for Iran and its ongoing war in Ukraine. Tehran has provided Moscow with Shahed drones, which are now also manufactured in Russia under the designation Geran. Healey said, “Putin would want us to be distracted by the Middle East. We will not take our eyes off Putin.”
The UK has also prepared to seize ships suspected of being part of Russia’s “shadow fleet,” a flotilla of old oil tankers of unclear ownership designed to bypass international sanctions imposed over Moscow’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Previously, the UK only assisted France and the US in monitoring such vessels. Healey said, “We are ready to take action” against these ships.
Norwegian Defence Minister Tore O. Sandvik, who signed the joint naval agreement with Healey, said the patrols allow both countries to “defend themselves together.” The deployment builds on a £10 billion (€11 billion) deal for Norway to purchase at least five British-made frigates, which, together with eight British ships, will operate along NATO’s northern flank.
Russian naval activity near UK waters has reportedly risen by 30 percent over the past two years. NATO officials have also warned that attacks on undersea cables are among the “most active threats” to Western infrastructure. Acting Assistant Secretary General for Innovation, Hybrid, and Cyber, James Appathurai, said recent incidents in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere reflect Russia’s long-term undersea program, which includes research ships, submarines, unmanned vehicles, divers, and explosives targeting communications and energy pipelines.
The new UK-Norway patrols signal a heightened focus on securing vital maritime infrastructure amid rising geopolitical tensions and increasing Russian naval operations in European waters.
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