Health

Vitamin D Supplements May Halve Risk of Second Heart Attack, Study Suggests

Published

10 months ago

November 10, 2025

A new study suggests that targeted vitamin D3 supplementation could significantly reduce the risk of a second heart attack in people who have already suffered one. The research, conducted by a team at Intermountain Health in the United States, found that maintaining higher vitamin D levels may play a role in preventing recurring cardiac events.

The study tracked more than 600 patients who had recently experienced a heart attack. Participants were divided into two groups — one received standard post-heart attack care, while the other was given vitamin D3 supplements with the goal of raising blood levels of the vitamin to above 40 nanograms per millilitre (ng/mL). Researchers monitored each participant annually to ensure vitamin D levels remained within the target range.

The results showed that those who received vitamin D3 were about half as likely to have another heart attack compared to those who did not take the supplement. However, the study found no significant difference between the two groups in terms of heart failure, stroke, or overall mortality.

Dr. Heidi May, a cardiovascular epidemiologist and one of the study’s authors, said the findings highlight the importance of personalised treatment rather than one-size-fits-all dosing. “With more targeted treatment, when we checked exactly how supplementation was working and made adjustments, we found that patients had their risk of another heart attack cut in half,” she said in a statement.

Vitamin D is naturally produced in the body through sunlight exposure, yet deficiency remains widespread. Around 13 per cent of Europeans are severely deficient in the vitamin, according to existing health data. In the study, more than half of the participants who received vitamin D3 supplements needed an initial dose of 5,000 international units (IU) — significantly higher than the typical recommendation of 600 to 800 IU per day — to achieve optimal blood levels.

While no adverse effects were reported among participants, health experts caution against excessive supplementation. Consuming more than 4,000 IU of vitamin D daily can cause health issues such as kidney stones or elevated calcium levels in the blood.

The research team presented their findings at an American Heart Association conference in the United States. Although the results are promising, the study has not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal, and the researchers stressed the need for further investigation.

Previous studies on vitamin D and heart health have produced mixed results. Many earlier trials used fixed doses of vitamin D regardless of individual deficiency levels, which may explain the lack of consistent findings. The Intermountain Health team believes that their tailored approach — adjusting supplements based on each patient’s blood levels — may account for the improved outcomes.

Dr. May noted that while the results are encouraging, additional research is necessary to confirm the benefits. “We’re excited with these results but know we have further work to do to validate these findings,” she said.

Health

North African Dust Set to Worsen Air Quality Across Portugal

Published

21 hours ago

September 4, 2026

Web Reporter

Air quality is expected to deteriorate across much of mainland Portugal over the coming days as dust carried from North Africa moves through the atmosphere, with health authorities warning vulnerable groups to take extra precautions.

Portugal’s Directorate-General of Health (DGS) has issued a warning about the expected decline in air quality, particularly in central and southern parts of the country. The dust is being carried by an air mass originating from the deserts of North Africa and is expected to affect much of mainland Portugal.

The Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) has also forecast suspended dust on Friday and Saturday.

The DGS said the phenomenon is expected to increase concentrations of naturally occurring inhalable particles, particularly PM10, in the air. Exposure to elevated levels of these particles can affect health, with children, older people and those with existing medical conditions considered more vulnerable.

Health officials are advising people to avoid prolonged physical exertion and reduce outdoor activity while the dust remains in the atmosphere. Residents have also been urged to avoid exposure to tobacco smoke and other sources of irritation.

Children, elderly people and those suffering from chronic respiratory conditions, particularly asthma, are being advised to remain indoors whenever possible. People with cardiovascular disease are also considered at greater risk. The DGS recommends that vulnerable residents keep windows closed where possible during the episode.

People receiving treatment for chronic illnesses have been advised to continue taking their prescribed medication.

The air-quality warning comes as parts of Portugal also face a heightened risk of rural fires amid continuing hot weather.

Eleven municipalities in the districts of Bragança, Guarda, Castelo Branco and Coimbra are under the highest rural fire alert level on Friday, according to IPMA.

The weather agency has also issued yellow heat warnings for several districts, including Bragança, Viseu, Évora, Guarda, Faro, Vila Real, Setúbal, Santarém, Lisbon, Leiria, Beja, Castelo Branco, Coimbra and Portalegre. The warnings remain in place until 7pm on Saturday.

Temperatures are expected to ease slightly from the peak recorded on Thursday, particularly along coastal areas, but conditions will remain warm. Temperatures are forecast to stay above 20C in many areas, including regions south of the Tagus River.

The combination of suspended dust and high temperatures could create additional challenges for people with respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Authorities are therefore urging vulnerable residents to limit outdoor activity and monitor their health while the dust episode continues.

The DGS has stressed that precautions should remain in place for as long as the poor air-quality conditions persist, particularly for people who are more sensitive to airborne particles.

Health

New Zealand Approves MDMA Treatment for Severe PTSD Under Strict Medical Controls

Published

21 hours ago

September 4, 2026

Web Reporter

New Zealand has authorised two psychiatrists to prescribe pharmaceutical-grade MDMA to patients with severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), making it only the second country after Australia to permit the drug for clinical treatment.

Wellington psychiatrist Dr Gary Wynn and Auckland psychiatrist Dr Tom Paterson received approval from New Zealand’s medicines regulator, Medsafe, following a regulatory process that lasted more than a year. The approvals allow MDMA to be used in controlled clinical settings as part of treatment for eligible patients.

Deputy Prime Minister David Seymour welcomed the decision, saying PTSD can have a devastating effect on people and remains difficult to treat. Seymour previously supported approval of psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, for severe depression.

PTSD can develop after people experience or face the threat of traumatic events, including combat, sexual assault and the sudden death of someone close to them. Symptoms can include intrusive memories, anxiety, sleep problems and emotional distress.

Treatment options remain limited in many countries. Two antidepressants are commonly approved for PTSD, but they can take several months to produce an effect and do not work equally well for every patient.

New Zealand’s decision is based partly on results from two international Phase 3 clinical trials conducted by the US-based Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) and sponsored by its public benefit corporation, Lykos Therapeutics.

A 2021 trial found that 88% of participants with severe PTSD who received MDMA-assisted therapy experienced clinically significant improvement, while 67% no longer met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD.

A second trial, published in 2023, involved people with moderate-to-severe PTSD. Researchers reported that 71.2% of participants receiving MDMA-assisted therapy no longer met the diagnostic criteria by the end of the study.

The evidence has faced scrutiny in the United States. The US Food and Drug Administration rejected approval of the treatment in 2024, citing concerns about the available evidence for its safety and effectiveness.

US regulators also raised concerns about expectancy bias among participants who had previously used MDMA, which could have affected the reliability of the trial findings.

New Zealand has opted for a tightly controlled approach. The Ministry of Health said MDMA treatment would only be provided alongside psychotherapy in a clinical environment and would not involve take-home doses.

Patients must be at least 18 years old, and treatment must be administered by an authorised psychiatrist as part of a comprehensive care plan.

The approvals mark a significant step for psychedelic-assisted therapy in New Zealand while keeping MDMA use under close medical supervision.

Health

Irregular Sleep Patterns Linked to Higher Anxiety Risk Among Teenagers

Published

2 days ago

September 3, 2026

Web Reporter

Teenagers who regularly change their sleeping patterns between weekdays and weekends may face a greater risk of anxiety, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom.

The findings come as students return to school after the summer break, when many adolescents may have become accustomed to later nights and longer mornings. The shift back to early school schedules can create a mismatch between weekday and weekend sleep patterns, a phenomenon researchers describe as “social jet lag.”

A review of 12 studies involving more than 230,000 participants found that teenagers experiencing greater levels of social jet lag were more likely to report higher levels of anxiety. The relationship also appeared to work in the opposite direction, with higher anxiety associated with greater disruption to sleep schedules.

However, researchers stressed that the findings show an association rather than proving that irregular sleep directly causes anxiety.

The study highlights the importance of encouraging healthy and consistent sleeping habits as part of efforts to support adolescent mental health. Anxiety is already one of the most common mental health problems among young people.

The World Health Organization estimates that anxiety disorders affect about 4.4% of children aged 10 to 14 and 5.5% of those aged 15 to 19 worldwide. Such disorders involve persistent fear or nervousness that can be difficult to control.

Researchers say adolescence is a particularly important period for sleep because biological changes naturally alter young people’s body clocks.

Sarah Chellappa, a co-author of the study from the University of Southampton, said teenagers generally experience a shift toward later sleep during puberty.

“During puberty, the body’s internal clock usually shifts back by a few hours,” she said, meaning teenagers naturally become sleepy later and may need to wake later as well.

Early school starts can conflict with this biological change. Social activities, online communication and other demands can also reduce the amount of sleep teenagers get during the week.

Hannah Ravenhall, lead author of the study, said the issue should not be viewed solely as a matter of individual responsibility.

She said broader social systems can influence young people’s sleep and called for greater recognition of the biological changes that occur during adolescence.

The researchers suggested that schools could consider whether their start times adequately reflect teenagers’ changing sleep needs. Parents could also review evening routines, including rules around screen use.

Rather than simply encouraging teenagers to go to bed earlier, the researchers argue that more consistent schedules and changes to the environments in which young people live and study could help support better sleep and mental wellbeing.