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Germany’s Economic Sentiment Hits 2-Year High as Eurozone Trade Surplus Shrinks

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Germany’s economic sentiment reached its highest level in two years, but the eurozone’s trade surplus saw a sharp decline, according to economic data released on Tuesday. While EU exports to the US surged ahead of potential tariffs from former US President Donald Trump, the trade deficit with China widened significantly.

The latest trade figures indicate that European and US businesses are accelerating shipments to mitigate the impact of possible tariff hikes, driving a sharp increase in transatlantic trade volumes.

German Economic Sentiment Soars

Germany’s ZEW economic sentiment index surged to 51.6 points in March 2025, up from 26 points in January, surpassing market expectations of 48.1. This marks the highest level of economic optimism since January 2023.

“Economic expectations are improving considerably again in March, with a strongly increasing ZEW Indicator of Economic Sentiment,” said ZEW President Achim Wambach. “The brighter mood is likely due to positive signals regarding future German fiscal policy, including the agreement on the multi-billion-euro financial package for the federal budget. In particular, prospects for metal and steel manufacturers, as well as the mechanical engineering sector, have improved. Last but not least, the European Central Bank’s sixth consecutive interest rate cut means favorable financing conditions for private households and companies.”

The broader eurozone ZEW economic sentiment index also rose, climbing 15.6 points to 39.8, reaching its highest level in eight months.

Germany’s Fiscal Expansion Plan

Earlier this month, Germany announced a major fiscal expansion to strengthen its defense capabilities and stimulate economic growth, marking a shift from its traditional fiscal conservatism. The initiative includes a €500 billion infrastructure fund over 12 years, with €100 billion allocated to climate and economic transformation projects. Additionally, Germany plans to ease its constitutionally mandated debt brake to allow increased borrowing, particularly for defense spending. These measures are expected to receive approval from the Bundestag this week.

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Eurozone Trade Surplus Declines Sharply

The eurozone’s trade surplus in goods plummeted to just €1 billion in January 2025, a drastic decline from €10.6 billion in the same period last year, according to Eurostat data. The figure also marked a significant drop from December’s €15.4 billion surplus.

The downturn was driven by weaker performance in machinery, vehicles, and other manufactured goods. The surplus in machinery and vehicles fell from €16.5 billion in December to €7.4 billion in January, while other manufactured goods shifted from a €1.2 billion surplus to a €4.6 billion deficit. The European Union as a whole also saw its trade balance turn negative, moving from a €15.9 billion surplus in December 2024 to a €5.4 billion deficit in January 2025.

EU Trade with US Surges Ahead of Tariff Threats

A key highlight in the trade data was a sharp rise in European exports to the United States. EU exports to the US reached €46.7 billion in January, marking a 16% year-on-year increase, while imports from the US also grew by 7.5% to €30.5 billion. The surge suggests that businesses are frontloading shipments ahead of proposed US tariff hikes.

The Trump administration has announced plans to impose reciprocal tariffs on all major trading partners starting April 2, 2025. Additionally, Trump has specifically threatened to impose a 200% tariff on European wines and other alcoholic beverages unless the EU removes its existing 50% tariff on American whiskey.

EU’s Trade Deficit with China Widens

While trade with the US showed resilience, the EU’s trade relationship with China continued to deteriorate. Imports from China surged by 19.2% year-on-year to €44.8 billion, while exports to the country fell by 13.3% to €14 billion.

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The growing trade imbalance with China raises concerns about the EU’s dependence on Chinese goods and the competitiveness of European exports in the region. As economic conditions fluctuate, policymakers will need to navigate these challenges while maintaining stability within the eurozone’s trade landscape.

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Consortium Agrees to All-Cash Deal to Acquire Polish Parcel Company InPost

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A consortium of investors has reached an agreement to acquire all shares of Polish-founded parcel locker company InPost, betting on the growth of self-service delivery across Europe. The deal is structured as an all-cash public offer valued at €15.6 per share.

The consortium includes funds managed or advised by Advent International, FCWB LLC—a wholly owned subsidiary of FedEx Corporation—A&R Investments Ltd., and PPF Group, together with InPost itself. The agreement is conditional and recommended by the InPost board.

InPost is best known for its proprietary Paczkomat parcel machines, widely used across Poland. These white self-service lockers, often located in subway stations or local shops, allow customers to send and receive small and medium parcels independently, bypassing traditional courier methods.

“Together, we will strengthen our network and reach more consumers with enhanced fast and flexible delivery options as we continue our objective of redefining the European e-commerce sector,” said Rafał Brzoska, CEO and founder of InPost. Brzoska confirmed he will remain as chief executive, and the company’s headquarters, management team, and key innovation operations will continue to be based in Poland.

“Importantly, I remain fully committed to leading the InPost Group. Our headquarters, management team and key innovation capabilities will remain in Poland, which will continue to be the centre for implementing the group’s successful strategy,” Brzoska added.

InPost has been expanding its footprint internationally. In the UK, the company acquired a 95.5% stake in competitor Yodel last year. It also operates in Italy, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Spain, and Portugal, managing parcel deliveries for online vendors across multiple European markets.

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Following the completion of the transaction, FedEx will become a shareholder in InPost, joining the other investors to guide the company’s growth strategy. Prior to the deal, InPost was owned by PPF Group, A&R Investments—funds controlled by Brzoska—and Advent International, with just over half of the shares held by other investors.

Analysts say the acquisition reflects the rising demand for self-service parcel solutions, particularly in Europe’s growing e-commerce sector. The all-cash nature of the deal underscores confidence in InPost’s operational model and its ability to scale across multiple countries.

InPost has built a reputation for innovation in last-mile delivery, offering convenient alternatives to home delivery and enabling retailers to meet the increasing expectations of online shoppers. The company’s continued expansion and strong market position in Poland and abroad make it a strategic target for investors seeking to capitalize on the shift toward automated parcel services.

With Brzoska remaining at the helm and the company’s operational base secure in Poland, InPost looks set to maintain its leadership in self-service delivery while leveraging the backing of global investors to expand further across Europe.

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Scandinavian Airlines Looks to AI and Consolidation for Growth Amid Industry Challenges

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The airline’s chief says artificial intelligence will help rebuild schedules during storms and improve efficiency in an industry that faces constant uncertainty. Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) is preparing for a new phase of growth while awaiting regulatory approval for its integration into the Air France-KLM group, according to President and CEO Anko van der Werff.

Speaking at the World Governments Summit in Dubai, van der Werff acknowledged the delay in the regulatory process. “We expect to get regulatory approval in the second half of the year,” he said. “I’m always a bit impatient… it’s a slow process.” He emphasized that many initiatives are effectively on hold, including joint ventures and partnerships that could unlock the benefits of a larger global network.

Despite industry consolidation, van der Werff is confident the SAS brand will remain strong. He sees the airline’s Scandinavian hubs, particularly Copenhagen, as a natural engine for growth amid capacity constraints elsewhere in the Air France-KLM network. “There will be real, real growth potential,” he said, predicting that travellers will “see more of SAS in the future than what you’re seeing today.”

The airline is also exploring the practical applications of artificial intelligence across operations. Van der Werff said SAS spent much of last year identifying “five big bets” for AI, with a focus on improving customer experience and operational efficiency. Handling disruptions during harsh Nordic winters is a key priority. “Occasionally we get hit by real snowstorms,” he said, describing days with “100 cancellations a day” and aircraft, crew, and passengers scattered across the network. AI, he noted, could rebuild schedules faster and more accurately than human teams alone.

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Van der Werff stressed that the aviation industry is moving beyond experimentation with AI toward tangible applications. While fully autonomous passenger aircraft remain a distant prospect, he highlighted smaller improvements such as optimising onboard supplies, reducing fuel use, and automating administrative tasks.

Disruption management, he said, is the most urgent area for AI implementation. “Tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of passengers” may need rerouting during large-scale cancellations, and faster decision-making could reduce hotel stays, reposition aircraft and crews, and limit the ripple effects of delays. “How do you put that puzzle back together more quickly, more efficiently?” van der Werff asked.

Reflecting on the broader industry, he noted that uncertainty is constant, from health crises and financial shocks to geopolitical disruptions and fluctuating demand. “Something will always happen,” he said, citing events such as SARS, the financial crisis, and COVID-19.

Van der Werff called for faster decision-making in Europe to maintain competitiveness. “Europe needs to move faster,” he said, urging reduced bureaucracy and a clearer strategic vision to support innovation. Despite challenges, he remains optimistic about consolidation and technological advances, while highlighting the potential for Europe to embrace entrepreneurship and risk-taking once more.

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Azerbaijan’s SOFAZ fund gains from rising gold prices amid global market uncertainty

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Azerbaijan’s State Oil Fund (SOFAZ) is seeing strong gains from its gold holdings, benefiting from the ongoing rise in global gold prices and generating substantial revenue for the country. The fund’s strategy reflects a wider trend among sovereign investors, who are increasing gold allocations to shield assets from global instability.

SOFAZ, the country’s sovereign wealth fund, was established to manage revenues from oil and gas exports and support long-term economic stability. The fund also plays a key role in financing the state budget and strategic national projects. As of January 1, 2026, gold accounted for 38.2 percent of SOFAZ’s investment portfolio, up from the previous year.

“Gold holdings are managed within the Fund’s approved investment framework, taking into account target allocations and allowable deviation bands,” SOFAZ said in a statement to Euronews. The fund uses gold as a hedge against external shocks, inflation, and broader market stress, aiming to protect capital and reduce exposure to volatility.

Gold prices recently reached record levels, surpassing $5,500 (€4,660) per ounce before falling sharply following the announcement of Kevin Warsh as the next chair of the US Federal Reserve. By Wednesday, prices rebounded to $5,000 (€4,230) per ounce. SOFAZ noted that its decisions on gold investments are guided by the fund’s overall risk-return strategy rather than short-term price movements.

“Gold plays a stabilising role within the Fund’s overall portfolio, and increasing gold holdings reduces sensitivity to adverse market developments, supporting a more balanced strategic asset allocation,” the fund said. Expanding its gold reserves is intended to safeguard Azerbaijan’s strategic financial assets and strengthen resilience amid global economic uncertainty.

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SOFAZ began adding gold to its portfolio in 2012, gradually increasing allocations over time. In 2025, the fund purchased 53.4 tonnes of gold, raising total reserves to 200 tonnes. Over the past five years, SOFAZ generated $22.7 billion (€18.95 billion) in investment returns, including the benefits of gold price appreciation and exchange-rate effects.

The fund attributes its ability to navigate market downturns and recoveries to a diversified and resilient portfolio. The equity sub-portfolio, covering both public and private equities, has been a major driver of growth. Since the diversification strategy was launched in 2012, the equity portfolio has increased more than fourfold, delivering a 305 percent return and nearly $10 billion (€8.35 billion) in investment gains.

By combining oil revenues with a diversified investment approach and growing gold reserves, SOFAZ continues to strengthen Azerbaijan’s financial stability, preparing the country for both domestic and global economic challenges.

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