Videos circulating on social media appear to show armed Iranian women taking part in military-style parades in several cities, in what state-linked outlets have described as a “jihad of women” in support of Iran’s wartime mobilisation.
The footage, which has not been independently verified, reportedly shows women carrying assault rifles, riding in armoured vehicles and marching alongside members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). The scenes are said to have been filmed in Tehran, Mashhad, Qom, Rasht, Bushehr and Qazvin.
In the videos, women can be seen travelling in organised convoys through city streets while pro-government chants ring out. Some clips have been aired on Iranian state television, while media outlets affiliated with the IRGC have presented the displays as evidence of broad public support for the Islamic Republic amid its conflict with the United States and Israel.
The imagery marks a notable shift in Iran’s wartime propaganda. Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, women have frequently been portrayed in official narratives as supporters of the state, often as mothers, caregivers or volunteers in auxiliary roles. During the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s, such symbolism was widely used to bolster morale. Public displays of women bearing arms in urban military parades, however, are far less common.
Questions have emerged about the authenticity of some of the footage. Analysts and social media users have pointed to visual irregularities, suggesting that certain clips may have been digitally altered or generated using artificial intelligence. No conclusive evidence has been presented, and Iranian authorities have not commented on claims that any of the videos may be fabricated.
One detail that has drawn particular attention is the appearance of some women without the full hijab required under Iranian law. That has prompted further scrutiny, given the government’s strict enforcement of dress regulations over many years.
The videos have surfaced at a time of intense pressure on Iran’s leadership. The country is grappling with the fallout from a prolonged conflict with the United States and Israel, while also facing deep domestic unrest.
Large-scale protests erupted late last year after the collapse of the Iranian rial, spreading to cities across the country. The demonstrations were met with a severe crackdown in January. Casualty estimates vary widely, with official figures placing the death toll in the low thousands, while human rights groups and independent observers believe the number may be significantly higher.
Iran has maintained tight restrictions on internet access since the crackdown, making independent verification of events inside the country increasingly difficult.
Against that backdrop, the emergence of these videos appears aimed at projecting an image of national unity, resilience and public support as the government confronts both external conflict and internal dissent.