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Poland Concludes EU Council Presidency with Focus on Defence and Security
Poland’s six-month presidency of the Council of the European Union formally concludes today, marking the end of a term shaped by heightened geopolitical tensions and a sharp focus on defence and border security.
Since taking over the rotating presidency on January 1, 2025, Poland has led EU Council meetings during a period marked by war on Europe’s eastern border and growing instability in the Middle East. In a press conference in Brussels on Thursday, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen praised Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s leadership through what she described as a “difficult presidency.”
“Your presidency has been difficult, but you have done well,” von der Leyen said, citing Poland’s success in advancing 37 legislative acts and negotiating 18 more. European Council President Antonio Costa also commended Poland for sustaining pressure on Russia and pushing through key defence and sanctions measures amid the ongoing war in Ukraine.
In his address, Prime Minister Tusk reflected on the evolution of the EU’s security posture, describing Poland’s presidency as a turning point in European strategic thinking.
“The European Union came into being as a great dream of a continent without war,” Tusk said. “Do you know how difficult it was to break this paradigm? This naive European faith?” He credited Poland with convincing the bloc to take “bold and unprecedented decisions” in the face of growing threats.
Among the key achievements highlighted were the approval of €150 billion under the SAFE programme to strengthen the EU’s defence industry and financial support for the Shield East initiative to reinforce the bloc’s eastern frontiers. Tusk also noted a major agreement among NATO-aligned EU countries to increase defence spending to 5% of GDP, with Poland set to reach 4.7% by the end of 2025.
Poland’s presidency was not without controversy. A law signed by Tusk allowing for the temporary suspension of asylum applications drew sharp criticism from human rights organisations, who warned of potential abuses, particularly at the Polish-Belarusian border. Nonetheless, Tusk defended the measure as a necessary step to manage illegal migration and bolster European border security.
Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski also underscored the gravity of the global situation during Poland’s term. “War at the borders, but also the crisis in the Middle East,” he said. “We have achieved a lot… especially in building tools for European resilience and security.”
Looking ahead, Tusk pointed to the 18th EU sanctions package targeting Russia’s so-called “shadow fleet” — a network of tankers used to circumvent sanctions. He described it as a threat not just to regional stability, but also to the environment.
As Belgium prepares to assume the EU presidency, Poland departs with a reinforced role in shaping the Union’s defence agenda and a legacy defined by its response to a continent in crisis.
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Britain and Norway Step Up Naval Patrols to Protect Undersea Infrastructure from Russia
Britain and Norway have launched new joint naval patrols aimed at protecting undersea cables from Russia, with a combined fleet of at least 13 warships safeguarding critical infrastructure in the North Atlantic, officials said. The announcement follows discussions in December between UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre on defense cooperation.
British Defence Secretary John Healey said on Thursday that the operation was designed to deter Russian submarines suspected of “malign activity” near undersea infrastructure north of the UK. A frigate, aircraft, and hundreds of personnel monitored a Russian attack submarine and two spy vessels during an operation lasting more than a month. Healey said the Russian ships eventually left the area.
His message to Moscow was clear: “We see your activity over our cables and our pipelines, and you should know that any attempt to damage them will not be tolerated and will have serious consequences.” Healey emphasized that while global attention is focused on conflicts in the Middle East, Russia remains the main threat to the UK and its allies.
British officials have highlighted the overlap between Russia’s support for Iran and its ongoing war in Ukraine. Tehran has provided Moscow with Shahed drones, which are now also manufactured in Russia under the designation Geran. Healey said, “Putin would want us to be distracted by the Middle East. We will not take our eyes off Putin.”
The UK has also prepared to seize ships suspected of being part of Russia’s “shadow fleet,” a flotilla of old oil tankers of unclear ownership designed to bypass international sanctions imposed over Moscow’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Previously, the UK only assisted France and the US in monitoring such vessels. Healey said, “We are ready to take action” against these ships.
Norwegian Defence Minister Tore O. Sandvik, who signed the joint naval agreement with Healey, said the patrols allow both countries to “defend themselves together.” The deployment builds on a £10 billion (€11 billion) deal for Norway to purchase at least five British-made frigates, which, together with eight British ships, will operate along NATO’s northern flank.
Russian naval activity near UK waters has reportedly risen by 30 percent over the past two years. NATO officials have also warned that attacks on undersea cables are among the “most active threats” to Western infrastructure. Acting Assistant Secretary General for Innovation, Hybrid, and Cyber, James Appathurai, said recent incidents in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere reflect Russia’s long-term undersea program, which includes research ships, submarines, unmanned vehicles, divers, and explosives targeting communications and energy pipelines.
The new UK-Norway patrols signal a heightened focus on securing vital maritime infrastructure amid rising geopolitical tensions and increasing Russian naval operations in European waters.
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