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France and Portugal Enact Landmark Treaty to Deepen Strategic Ties
A new chapter in relations between France and Portugal began on Sunday as a wide-ranging friendship treaty between the two countries officially entered into force, marking a significant step toward closer cooperation across multiple sectors.
The Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, signed in Porto in February 2025 by Emmanuel Macron and Portuguese Prime Minister Luís Montenegro, is designed to strengthen bilateral ties and reinforce collaboration within Europe.
French officials have described relations with Lisbon as “excellent,” highlighting the agreement as part of a broader effort to build a more self-reliant and competitive Europe. In a message to Portugal’s newly elected president, António José Seguro, Macron pledged to ensure the treaty delivers tangible benefits for both nations.
The agreement covers a wide range of areas, including defence, energy, trade and education. Both countries have committed to enhancing cooperation between their armed forces and defence industries, with a focus on safeguarding critical infrastructure and countering hybrid threats, particularly in cyberspace.
Energy cooperation also features prominently. France and Portugal aim to improve interconnections across the Iberian Peninsula, an issue that gained urgency following a major blackout affecting Spain and Portugal in April 2025. Officials say better integration with European energy networks will help prevent future disruptions and support long-term resilience.
On the economic front, the treaty promotes stronger support for small and medium-sized enterprises and encourages joint efforts in developing a sustainable “blue economy” linked to the Atlantic Ocean. Trade ties between the two countries are already robust, with France ranking as Portugal’s third-largest trading partner in 2025.
Analysts point to growing investment flows in both directions. Portuguese businesses are increasingly establishing a presence in France, while French firms continue to expand operations in Portugal, reflecting deepening economic integration.
People-to-people links are another key pillar of the agreement. Around 1.7 million Portuguese nationals live in France, making them one of the largest foreign communities in the country. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of French citizens reside in Portugal.
The treaty also aims to boost educational cooperation, including teacher training and student exchanges. However, some observers have raised concerns about practical challenges, particularly a shortage of Portuguese language teachers in France, which could limit progress in this area.
Implementation of the agreement will be overseen through regular high-level meetings between the two governments, ensuring continued coordination and follow-up on agreed initiatives.
The pact forms part of a wider strategy by France to deepen bilateral ties across Europe, following similar agreements with Germany, Italy and Poland, as Paris seeks to strengthen partnerships within the European Union.
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Chickenpox Outbreak Spreads Through Gaza Camps as Overcrowding and Vaccine Gaps Raise Alarm
A chickenpox outbreak is spreading rapidly through displacement camps in Gaza, with around 9,300 cases recorded across more than 130 health facilities in just two weeks.
Doctors and health workers say the actual number of infections is likely much higher because many patients are treated in tents or local clinics and never reach hospitals. The UN health cluster attributed the rise to severe overcrowding, high summer temperatures and worsening access to clean water.
More than half of the reported cases were recorded in Khan Younis governorate. Health teams also registered more than 18,000 new cases of infectious skin diseases across Gaza during the same week, including scabies, head lice and impetigo.
Isolation, which is recommended for children with chickenpox, is nearly impossible in many displacement camps. Families of six or more often live together in tents measuring only a few square metres, while in some locations multiple families share a single tent.
Hamada Abu Ghali, who is displaced in Nuseirat, said doctors told his daughter to stay apart from other family members after she was diagnosed with chickenpox. But the family had no space to follow the advice.
“Before the war we had a house and rooms, but today all of us are in one tent,” he said.
Ahmed Abu Hussein, displaced in Deir al-Balah, said children continued to play together because families could not keep them inside cramped shelters.
“We can’t control them or keep them inside the tent, so the infection ends up spreading to the whole family,” he said.
At Al-Rantisi Children’s Hospital, paediatric consultant Dr Sharif Mattar said official figures probably represented only a fraction of the outbreak. Many children are treated in displacement sites and primary healthcare centres, leaving their cases out of hospital statistics.
Nurse Sheimaa Hajji said health centres were seeing more children with widespread rashes. Treatment has largely focused on easing itching and preventing secondary bacterial infections, but supplies are running short.
The outbreak is being worsened by a vaccination crisis. Bassam Zaqout, director of Medical Relief in Gaza, said thousands of children born during the war had been unable to complete routine vaccination schedules. Restrictions on vaccine deliveries have also limited efforts to improve community protection.
Health officials have warned that chickenpox can pose additional risks to pregnant women, while maternity services in Gaza remain severely limited.
The World Health Organisation said the health system continues to operate with restricted capacity because of damaged facilities, shortages of medicines and a lack of medical staff.
UN field teams have also reported unsafe water supplies and sewage flowing around displacement sites.
The UN health cluster has increased the distribution of fever medicines, anti-itch treatments and antibiotics for bacterial complications. Health education teams have also been deployed.
Aid agencies warn that these efforts will not be enough without a major increase in medical supplies, clean water and hygiene materials reaching Gaza.
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