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Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam Opens Amid Fierce Dispute With Egypt and Sudan

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Ethiopia’s long-awaited Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) was officially inaugurated in September, marking what Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed described as “a generational victory.” But while the ceremony was hailed as a triumph in Addis Ababa, leaders in Egypt and Sudan called it an “existential threat,” deepening long-standing tensions over control of the Nile’s waters.

Speaking at the inauguration on 9 September, Abiy praised the dam as a symbol of national pride and self-reliance. “This lake has brought with it a wealth greater than Ethiopia’s GDP. The era of begging has ended,” he declared to gathered officials and regional leaders. Behind him, torrents of water cascaded from the 74-billion-cubic-metre reservoir — a body of water roughly the size of Greater London.

The dam, located on the Blue Nile in western Ethiopia, is expected to generate between 5,000 and 6,000 megawatts of electricity, potentially transforming the country into a regional energy hub. Abiy described it as a “shared opportunity” for neighbouring nations. Yet no representatives from Egypt or Sudan attended the ceremony, underlining their deep opposition to the project.

Just weeks later, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi warned that his country “will not stand idly by” in response to what he called Ethiopia’s “irresponsible” actions. Cairo and Khartoum have long feared that the dam will restrict the flow of water downstream, threatening their agriculture and livelihoods.

The Nile dispute predates the GERD by decades. Egypt’s water rights are anchored in colonial-era agreements — including treaties from 1902, 1929, and 1959 — that heavily favoured Cairo, granting it roughly two-thirds of the Nile’s flow. Ethiopia, which contributes about 85% of the river’s water through the Blue Nile, argues those accords were unfairly imposed and outdated.

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“The construction of the GERD was the first time these old treaties were truly challenged,” said Ahmed Morsey, an Egyptian analyst with the Middle East Council on Global Affairs. Ethiopian scholar Tsedenya Girmay added that a 2015 declaration of principles was meant to ease tensions, ensuring the dam would operate without harming downstream nations. “But domestic political crises derailed those efforts,” she said.

In Ethiopia, the dam has become a symbol of unity in a nation often divided by internal strife. “The GERD is the one thing that unites Ethiopians,” Tsedenya noted, pointing out that it even features in school curricula. With nearly 60 million Ethiopians lacking electricity, the project is seen as crucial for national development.

Egypt, meanwhile, sees the dam as a direct threat to its survival. Ninety-five percent of its 115 million citizens live along the Nile, which remains the country’s primary water source. Al-Sisi has insisted Egypt will pursue diplomacy, though past U.S.-brokered negotiations have collapsed amid mutual distrust.

Analysts suggest that regional instability has only hardened positions. Sudan’s civil war has drawn its leaders closer to Egypt’s stance, while Ethiopia accuses Cairo of meddling in its internal affairs. At the same time, the European Union has tilted toward Egypt, recently reaffirming its “support for Egypt’s water security” during a summit in Brussels.

According to Corrado Čok of the European Council on Foreign Relations, the EU’s shift stems from its growing reliance on Egypt for regional stability, energy cooperation, and migration control. “Cairo has become an indispensable partner,” he said, noting that this alignment has weakened Europe’s once-neutral role in the Nile dispute.

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As the GERD begins operations, its promise of prosperity for Ethiopia contrasts sharply with fears of crisis in Egypt and Sudan — a reminder that the Nile, the river that sustains life across the region, continues to divide as much as it unites.

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Spain and Portugal Hit by New Storms, Death Toll Rises

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Spain and Portugal endured fresh storms and torrential rain on Saturday, claiming another life just days after Storm Leonardo caused deadly flooding and widespread damage.

One person was killed in Portugal as heavy rainfall from Storm Marta swept across the Iberian Peninsula. Authorities reported that a 46-year-old member of the emergency services drowned in a river at Campo Maior, in the central Portalegre district, while attempting to cross a flooded area.

The extreme weather forced three municipalities in Portugal to postpone a presidential vote scheduled for Sunday by a week. Storms in recent weeks have already taken a heavy toll: Storm Kristin killed at least five people in Portugal last week, while Storm Leonardo claimed another victim on Wednesday.

Officials warned that the risk of flooding from the Tagus River in the central Santarém region remained at its highest level. Further south, in Alcácer do Sal, floodwaters from the Sado River had receded to the banks, though the city had previously been submerged, forcing residents to evacuate. Alcácer do Sal lies about 90 kilometres south of Lisbon.

In Spain, Storm Marta prompted the closure of dozens of roads as it moved northeast. In Ávila, a snow plough driver died on Saturday after the vehicle plunged down a 20-metre slope at the El Pico pass. According to the Directorate General of Traffic (DGT), more than 100 roads were closed in the early morning, mostly due to flooding, snow, or ice.

The province of Cadiz was the hardest hit, with several roads rendered impassable, followed by Cordoba and Seville. Snowstorms in mountainous regions led to road closures in Granada, Asturias, Salamanca, and Navarre.

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Spain’s State Meteorological Agency (Aemet) said rainfall would ease on Sunday in many areas but persist in some regions, including the Strait of Gibraltar, the Alboran Sea, Andalusian mountain ranges, the Balearic Islands, northeastern Catalonia, and the Cantabrian Sea. Locally heavy showers are expected, with thunderstorms and hail reported in some areas.

Authorities in both countries continue to urge residents to exercise caution, avoid flooded zones, and stay updated on weather alerts. Emergency services have been deployed to assist those affected by rising waters and to prevent further casualties.

The repeated storms across the Iberian Peninsula highlight the ongoing vulnerability of the region to severe weather events in recent weeks, with communities struggling to recover from back-to-back floods and heavy rains.

Spain and Portugal’s governments have stressed the importance of preparedness, especially in flood-prone regions, as meteorologists warn that unsettled weather may continue to affect the peninsula over the coming days.

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German Troops in Lithuania Face Hybrid Threats Amid Rising Tensions With Russia

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The German army brigade stationed in Lithuania is not under direct fire, but troops report facing hybrid attacks, including surveillance, psychological operations, and drone activity, as tensions with Russia persist in the Baltic region.

Soldiers have described unusual incidents, including mysterious phone calls where conversations from hours earlier were played back by unknown callers. “A comrade phones home, speaks for half an hour, and then gets a call from an unknown number. He answers – and hears his own conversation from earlier, recorded and played back,” Joshua Krebs wrote in his book, Inside Bundeswehr, calling the tactic “uncanny.”

Drones have also reportedly been used to monitor sensitive defence systems and exercises involving Germany’s Battletank Brigade 45 in Lithuania. Last year, a Russian reconnaissance aircraft entered Belarusian airspace during the Bundeswehr’s exercise Iron Wolf, raising concerns about Russian surveillance in the region.

Germany’s Inspector General, Carsten Breuer, described such incidents as “proof of the very real threat to Lithuania.” Federal Defence Minister Boris Pistorius echoed the warning during a meeting with his Lithuanian counterpart in Berlin, stressing that hybrid warfare poses a particular concern for Lithuania and the wider Baltic region.

The risks are compounded by Russian incursions into European airspace. In October 2025, two Russian fighter jets briefly entered Lithuanian airspace for approximately 18 seconds before turning back under NATO escort. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz described the incident as a “provocation,” with the aircraft thought to have flown from Russia’s Kaliningrad exclave.

Given the Baltic states’ proximity to Russian territory, the region is under constant NATO monitoring. Germany, Spain, and the UK currently lead the mission to police Baltic airspace, while Germany also supports ground operations, including deploying a mobile air force command post for air surveillance from January to March this year.

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Experts note that hybrid attacks often exist in a legal grey area. Unlike conventional military operations, many hybrid actions, such as surveillance or unmarked troop movements, cannot be directly attributed to a single actor, and international law does not automatically classify them as armed attacks under Article 51 of the UN Charter. The aim is often psychological: to provoke, unsettle, and signal presence without triggering a military response.

Incidents reminiscent of the “little green men” in Crimea have occurred in the Baltics. In December, Russian border guards briefly crossed into Estonia without authorization, prompting diplomatic protests rather than military retaliation. Armed men in unmarked uniforms were also spotted near the Estonian border earlier in the year, reinforcing concerns about Russia’s hybrid strategies.

According to Pistorius, these tactics are part of a broader pattern of Russian pressure. “The threat posed by Russia is felt more acutely in Lithuania and across the Baltic region than elsewhere in Europe,” he said, citing provocative airspace incursions and intelligence-gathering operations as ongoing challenges for NATO forces in the region.

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Greenland Mayor Condemns Comedian’s Flag Stunt Amid Tensions with US

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The mayor of Greenland’s capital has urged media professionals and content creators to act responsibly after a German comedian attempted to hoist the US flag in Nuuk, drawing outrage from local residents.

Bavarian comedian Maxi Schafroth, 41, tried to raise the Stars and Stripes near the city’s cultural centre on Thursday. Passers-by confronted him after he claimed to be a US official. Witnesses reported that locals reacted angrily, and Schafroth left the scene amid disapproving looks. Local authorities subsequently fined him, according to reports.

Avaaraq Olsen, mayor of Kommuneqarfik Sermersooq, the district that includes Nuuk, described the stunt as “immensely harmful.” She said the incident was particularly upsetting for children and families, who have already been anxious over US President Donald Trump’s repeated threats to seize Greenland, an autonomous Danish territory.

“Raising a flag at our capital cultural centre, the flag of a military superpower that for weeks has been implying military force against our country, is not a joke,” Olsen said in a statement. “When you amplify those fears for content, clicks, or laughs, you are not being bold or creative. You are adding to the distress of an already vulnerable population. So, pause before you film. Think before you stage something ‘funny.’ Consider whether your next question or stunt will inform the world or simply make a child cry or a family feel less safe in their own country.”

Schafroth is known in Germany for his work on the satirical programme “Extra Drei,” broadcast by the regional NDR channel, which attracts over one million viewers. NDR expressed regret over the incident in statements to Germany’s Der Spiegel and the Ritzau news agency.

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The stunt comes amid heightened international attention on Greenland following Trump’s long-standing territorial interest in the Arctic territory. Trump described owning Greenland as essential to US national security, claiming without evidence that Russia or China would otherwise seize control. His statements sparked a serious diplomatic crisis, considered the most severe in NATO’s history since the alliance was established in 1949.

Although the US president later backtracked on threats to use force, discussions between Washington, Copenhagen, and Nuuk are ongoing. Greenland’s government has been working to manage the stress and anxiety caused by the situation and to reassure its population that their safety remains a priority.

Local authorities stressed that Greenlanders, particularly children, remain worried over the uncertainty surrounding the territory’s international status. Olsen said the flag stunt, though intended as a humorous act, highlighted the need for content creators to consider the real-world impact of their actions on communities already facing heightened tension.

The incident underscores the lingering sensitivity in Greenland following months of international attention, and the city’s leadership has called for respect and caution in public displays that could inflame fear or insecurity among residents.

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