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Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam Opens Amid Fierce Dispute With Egypt and Sudan

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Ethiopia’s long-awaited Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) was officially inaugurated in September, marking what Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed described as “a generational victory.” But while the ceremony was hailed as a triumph in Addis Ababa, leaders in Egypt and Sudan called it an “existential threat,” deepening long-standing tensions over control of the Nile’s waters.

Speaking at the inauguration on 9 September, Abiy praised the dam as a symbol of national pride and self-reliance. “This lake has brought with it a wealth greater than Ethiopia’s GDP. The era of begging has ended,” he declared to gathered officials and regional leaders. Behind him, torrents of water cascaded from the 74-billion-cubic-metre reservoir — a body of water roughly the size of Greater London.

The dam, located on the Blue Nile in western Ethiopia, is expected to generate between 5,000 and 6,000 megawatts of electricity, potentially transforming the country into a regional energy hub. Abiy described it as a “shared opportunity” for neighbouring nations. Yet no representatives from Egypt or Sudan attended the ceremony, underlining their deep opposition to the project.

Just weeks later, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi warned that his country “will not stand idly by” in response to what he called Ethiopia’s “irresponsible” actions. Cairo and Khartoum have long feared that the dam will restrict the flow of water downstream, threatening their agriculture and livelihoods.

The Nile dispute predates the GERD by decades. Egypt’s water rights are anchored in colonial-era agreements — including treaties from 1902, 1929, and 1959 — that heavily favoured Cairo, granting it roughly two-thirds of the Nile’s flow. Ethiopia, which contributes about 85% of the river’s water through the Blue Nile, argues those accords were unfairly imposed and outdated.

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“The construction of the GERD was the first time these old treaties were truly challenged,” said Ahmed Morsey, an Egyptian analyst with the Middle East Council on Global Affairs. Ethiopian scholar Tsedenya Girmay added that a 2015 declaration of principles was meant to ease tensions, ensuring the dam would operate without harming downstream nations. “But domestic political crises derailed those efforts,” she said.

In Ethiopia, the dam has become a symbol of unity in a nation often divided by internal strife. “The GERD is the one thing that unites Ethiopians,” Tsedenya noted, pointing out that it even features in school curricula. With nearly 60 million Ethiopians lacking electricity, the project is seen as crucial for national development.

Egypt, meanwhile, sees the dam as a direct threat to its survival. Ninety-five percent of its 115 million citizens live along the Nile, which remains the country’s primary water source. Al-Sisi has insisted Egypt will pursue diplomacy, though past U.S.-brokered negotiations have collapsed amid mutual distrust.

Analysts suggest that regional instability has only hardened positions. Sudan’s civil war has drawn its leaders closer to Egypt’s stance, while Ethiopia accuses Cairo of meddling in its internal affairs. At the same time, the European Union has tilted toward Egypt, recently reaffirming its “support for Egypt’s water security” during a summit in Brussels.

According to Corrado Čok of the European Council on Foreign Relations, the EU’s shift stems from its growing reliance on Egypt for regional stability, energy cooperation, and migration control. “Cairo has become an indispensable partner,” he said, noting that this alignment has weakened Europe’s once-neutral role in the Nile dispute.

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As the GERD begins operations, its promise of prosperity for Ethiopia contrasts sharply with fears of crisis in Egypt and Sudan — a reminder that the Nile, the river that sustains life across the region, continues to divide as much as it unites.

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Cruise Passengers Stranded Amid Escalating Middle East Crisis

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The Persian Gulf is currently characterised by hostilities. The Strait of Hormuz is closed to shipping, with only vessels connected to China or Russia allowed to pass. The escalating crisis in the region has left thousands of tourists stranded on cruise ships and disrupted air travel.

On Sunday afternoon, a missile struck the water near the Mein Schiff 4, operated by TUI Cruises, while the ship was docked in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Clouds of black smoke were reported over the water, according to the Bild newspaper. The vessel carries approximately 2,500 passengers and 1,000 crew members, with many due to return to Germany from Dubai. The situation on board is tense, and it is not yet clear if anyone was injured.

Security measures on the ship remain strict. Passengers are prohibited from entering outside decks, are advised to avoid windows, and receive regular alerts on their smartphones about potential incoming missile threats.

A sister ship, Mein Schiff 5, berthed in Doha, Qatar, is also affected. Passengers attempting to fly home from Doha on Saturday were forced to return to the ship after flights were canceled. Many had already boarded aircraft and had to leave luggage at the airport, waiting around ten hours before being taken back to the ship in the evening.

Other cruise lines are similarly affected. Six vessels are currently docked across ports in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Doha. These include the MSC Euribia from MSC Cruises, the Celestyal Discovery and Celestyal Journey from Celestyal Cruises, and the Aroya from the Saudi operator Aroya Cruises.

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The closure of airspace in multiple countries in the region has compounded the situation, preventing passengers from flying home. Thousands remain stranded, unsure when they will be able to continue their journeys or be evacuated safely.

The crisis follows US and Israeli strikes in the region on Saturday, which prompted retaliatory attacks by Iran targeting military positions in the Persian Gulf. Cruise passengers, many of whom expected a calm holiday, have instead faced a sudden escalation in regional tensions.

Authorities in ports and embassies are coordinating with shipping companies to maintain safety and provide updates, but the rapidly evolving security situation has made evacuation and travel plans uncertain. Tourists are advised to follow official guidance and avoid unnecessary movement on or around their vessels.

The disruption highlights the wider impact of escalating hostilities in the Gulf, affecting not only commercial shipping but also tourism and international travel. Passengers on affected cruise ships and flights face prolonged delays as authorities work to stabilize the situation and ensure safety in the region.

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Azerbaijan Commemorates Khojaly Massacre with New Memorial and National Ceremony

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Azerbaijan held nationwide commemorations on Thursday to mourn the hundreds of civilians killed in February 1992 in the town of Khojaly during the Karabakh conflict with Armenia. President Ilham Aliyev led the ceremonies, inaugurating a new Khojaly Genocide Memorial Complex in Baku to honor the victims of what he described as “the greatest tragedy for the Azerbaijani people.”

Thousands of people gathered at the Khojaly Massacre Memorial in Baku for the National Day of Remembrance. A minute of silence was observed across the country as citizens paid tribute to those who lost their lives over 30 years ago.

Azerbaijani authorities state that 613 civilians, including women and children, were killed when Armenian forces, with the support of the former Soviet Union’s 366th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment, attacked Khojaly. Dozens more were reported missing or injured during the assault, which occurred amid the war between ethnic Armenian forces backed by Armenia and Azerbaijani troops over the Karabakh region and surrounding areas.

Human Rights Watch conducted its own investigation into the incident, attributing direct responsibility for the civilian deaths to Karabakh Armenian forces. Armenia has repeatedly denied the accusations, arguing that the reported death toll was exaggerated and that casualties resulted from fighting between the two sides.

Despite differing accounts, the Khojaly tragedy remains a deeply significant event in Azerbaijan’s collective memory. Commemorations continue to emphasize the human cost of the conflict and the impact on generations of Azerbaijanis.

This year’s ceremonies took place against the backdrop of a peace and reconciliation process between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Both nations have pledged to work toward a more stable and peaceful future following decades of conflict and suffering on both sides.

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President Aliyev emphasized the importance of remembering the past while looking forward. The newly inaugurated memorial complex aims to provide a permanent site for reflection, ensuring that the victims of Khojaly are remembered by future generations.

The National Day of Remembrance has become a focal point for public reflection and national unity, drawing participants from across Azerbaijan. Observers note that the ceremonies serve both to honor the victims and to reinforce awareness of the historical and ongoing challenges in the Karabakh region.

Over 30 years after the massacre, Khojaly continues to hold a central place in Azerbaijani history. Thursday’s events highlighted the nation’s efforts to commemorate the past while supporting dialogue and cooperation with Armenia to foster lasting peace in the South Caucasus.

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Four Killed After Clash Between Cuban Coast Guards and US-Registered Boat

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Cuban border guards shot and killed four people aboard a Florida-registered speedboat on Wednesday after the vessel allegedly failed to stop in Cuban territorial waters and opened fire on a patrol boat, authorities in Havana said.

In a statement, the Cuban Ministry of Interior said the boat was detected about one nautical mile from Falcones Cay in Villa Clara province. A patrol unit was dispatched to identify the vessel and its occupants. Officials said the speedboat refused to comply with orders and that gunfire broke out during the encounter.

According to the ministry, six other passengers were injured in the exchange. The commander of the Cuban patrol boat, which carried five crew members, was also wounded. Authorities said all injured individuals were taken to safety and received medical treatment.

Cuba’s government later stated that the 10 people on board were armed Cuban nationals residing in the United States who were attempting to enter the island to carry out what it described as terrorist acts. Officials added that most of the passengers had a history of criminal and violent activity.

Two of the passengers were identified as Amijail Sánchez González and Leordan Enrique Cruz Gómez, both of whom Cuban authorities say are wanted in connection with activities linked to terrorism. The government said it obtained details about those on board through questioning of detainees after the confrontation.

The ministry reaffirmed its commitment to defending the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity against threats by land, sea or air.

In Washington, Marco Rubio said US officials were gathering information to determine whether the victims were American citizens or permanent residents. Speaking at the airport in Basseterre, Saint Kitts, where he was attending a regional summit with Caribbean leaders, Rubio said the United States would independently verify the facts.

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He emphasised that the incident was not a US government operation and declined to speculate about the ownership of the boat or the intentions of those on board. Rubio said US authorities would establish what happened before deciding on any response.

The clash comes at a time of heightened tensions between Washington and Havana. Donald Trump recently imposed an oil blockade on Cuba, citing its support for Venezuela’s former president, Nicolás Maduro. The measures have cut off oil and financial flows from Venezuela to Cuba.

Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel has rejected US pressure, insisting that any dialogue must respect Cuba’s sovereignty. Cuban officials have criticised the oil restrictions, saying they are harming the island’s economy and public services.

The investigation into Wednesday’s shooting remains ongoing.

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