Tech
Study Finds Polish Outperforms English as the Best Language for Communicating with AI
A new international study has revealed that Polish, not English, is the most effective language for communicating with artificial intelligence systems — a surprising finding that challenges long-held assumptions about English’s dominance in the tech world.
Researchers from the University of Maryland (UMD) and Microsoft tested 26 different languages across several leading AI models, including those developed by OpenAI, Google Gemini, Qwen, Llama, and DeepSeek. Their goal was to determine which languages yielded the most accurate and effective responses from the systems.
The results showed that Polish achieved an impressive 88 percent average accuracy rate in completing tasks, outperforming all other tested languages. French, Italian, and Spanish followed closely, while English ranked only sixth with an 83.9 percent accuracy rate.
“Our experiment yielded some surprising and unintuitive findings,” the researchers wrote. “English did not perform best across all models — in fact, it came sixth out of 26 languages when long texts were assessed, while Polish proved to be the leading language.”
The study’s outcome has drawn attention not only from linguists and AI experts but also from national institutions in Poland. The Polish Patent Office highlighted the results on social media, noting that “Polish has long been considered one of the most difficult languages to learn. It turns out that humans struggle with it — but not AI.”
The finding is particularly remarkable given the relatively small amount of Polish-language data used to train most AI systems. Despite this, the models demonstrated strong comprehension and precision in following Polish-language commands, outperforming languages with far greater digital footprints such as English and Chinese.
Chinese, despite being one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and heavily represented in online data, ranked near the bottom — fourth from last — among the 26 languages tested.
According to the study, the top ten languages most effectively understood by AI models are:
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Polish – 88%
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French – 87%
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Italian – 86%
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Spanish – 85%
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Russian – 84%
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English – 83.9%
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Ukrainian – 83.5%
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Portuguese – 82%
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German – 81%
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Dutch – 80%
The researchers said their findings highlight the complexity of how AI models process linguistic structures and suggest that grammatical richness and precision — characteristics of Polish — may actually help AI systems interpret meaning more accurately.
Tech
Estonia’s AI Education Model Draws Attention as Europe Debates Digital Learning
As European governments weigh how to integrate artificial intelligence into classrooms and allocate funding for digital literacy, Estonia’s approach to AI education is gaining attention as a practical and structured model.
The Baltic nation’s AI Leap programme is designed not only to teach students how to use artificial intelligence tools but also to strengthen critical thinking and teacher involvement at a time when AI is becoming deeply embedded in everyday learning.
Concerns have grown across Europe that while students are increasingly comfortable using AI tools, many struggle to evaluate or question the information these systems generate. Educators and employers have raised concerns that overreliance on chatbots and automated tools could weaken analytical thinking and increase vulnerability to misinformation.
Estonia has chosen to address this challenge directly rather than attempting to limit student exposure to AI.
According to the AI Leap programme, between 64% and 90% of Estonian students were already using AI tools before the initiative began. Programme organisers argued that ignoring this reality could undermine learning and reasoning skills.
The initiative aims to train 48,000 students and 6,700 teachers over two years in a country with a population of just 1.36 million.
The programme has two primary goals: helping teachers adapt to AI-assisted education and encouraging students to develop responsible, thoughtful AI habits.
To support this effort, Estonia has introduced several key measures. Teachers participate in study circles that meet monthly to develop teaching methods and exchange experiences. A central online platform provides educational resources, videos, self-assessment tools and discussion forums.
More than 4,000 teachers are also receiving premium access to advanced AI platforms such as ChatGPT and Gemini to support lesson planning and classroom preparation.
One of the programme’s most distinctive features is a Socratic-style chatbot designed to guide students rather than provide direct answers. The chatbot encourages questioning, self-management and contextual thinking, helping students assess AI-generated information instead of accepting it automatically.
The programme also includes debate leagues, creative arts projects and student-led initiatives aimed at encouraging discussion and experimentation with AI beyond formal classroom settings.
Estonia has placed strong emphasis on management and implementation. School principals oversee local delivery, while nine regional managers coordinate activities across seven educational regions. The initiative operates through a public-private partnership, with the government providing half of the funding and private partners contributing the remainder.
Technology companies, educators and researchers are involved in designing and testing tools tailored to Estonia’s education system.
Education analysts say Estonia’s strategy highlights a broader lesson for Europe: AI literacy may depend less on limiting technology and more on teaching students how to use it thoughtfully, critically and responsibly.
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