A new study has found that many headphones sold by major technology brands across the European Union contain chemicals that may interfere with hormone systems, raising concerns about potential long-term health risks for consumers.
The research examined 81 headphone models from more than 50 well-known brands, including Apple, Samsung, Sony and Sennheiser. According to the findings, every device tested contained at least small traces of substances such as bisphenols, phthalates and flame retardants.
The study was conducted by Arnika in cooperation with the ToxFree LIFE for All initiative.
Researchers said bisphenols are commonly used in a wide range of consumer goods, including food packaging, plastic bottles and electronic devices. The European Environment Agency has warned that the chemicals can disrupt hormone-regulating systems and may harm reproductive health.
Phthalates, another group of chemicals detected in the study, are typically added to plastics to increase flexibility and durability. They are often present in items such as cosmetics, fabrics and medical equipment. According to HBM4EU, exposure to certain phthalates has been linked to health problems including obesity, insulin resistance, asthma and attention disorders.
Scientists involved in the research analysed 180 plastic samples taken from both the hard and soft components of the headphones. The products tested included models designed for adults, children and gaming users, groups that often wear headsets for extended periods.
Although the researchers stressed that the headphones do not pose an immediate threat to human health, they warned that repeated exposure over long periods could create public health concerns because there is no clearly established safe level for these chemicals.
Each product was graded based on potential chemical exposure. Models considered to have the lowest risk received a green rating, those that met legal standards but exceeded stricter voluntary limits were marked yellow, and products considered most concerning were labelled red.
About 44 percent of the headphones tested received a red rating. However, only around 11 percent of those models had harmful substances present in components that come into direct contact with the skin.
The highest level of bisphenols was detected in My First Care earbuds marketed for children and sold on platforms such as Amazon. The researchers did not publicly disclose the exact chemical concentration in the product.
Phthalates were most commonly found in wired headphones, usually in small quantities permitted under European regulations. However, one pair of children’s headphones sold by Temu contained phthalate levels nearly five times higher than the legal limit for children’s products.
Among the models tested, AirPods Pro (2nd generation) and JBL Tune 720BT received the safest ratings.
Following the study’s release, Dutch media reported that several online retailers, including Bol.com, Coolblue and MediaMarkt, stopped selling certain headphone models mentioned in the research. Manufacturers contacted about the findings did not immediately respond to requests for comment.