A new report by a United Nations agency has revealed that the indirect carbon emissions of some of the world’s largest technology companies have more than doubled over the past three years, driven largely by the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence.
According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), indirect emissions from Amazon, Microsoft, Alphabet (Google’s parent company), and Meta rose by more than 150% between 2020 and 2023. The increase is attributed to rising energy demands from data centres, telecommunication networks, and other digital infrastructure essential to powering AI technologies.
Amazon recorded the highest growth in emissions, with a 182% increase over the three-year period. Microsoft followed with a 155% rise, while Meta and Alphabet reported increases of 145% and 138% respectively.
The ITU report, which tracked 200 leading digital companies using publicly available data, defines indirect emissions as those generated from sources such as purchased electricity, heating, and cooling—especially from energy-intensive data centres and offices. As AI models become more sophisticated, their computational needs have driven data centre energy consumption up by 12% annually since 2017—four times faster than the global energy growth rate, the report noted.
“This report underscores the urgent need to manage AI’s environmental impact,” the ITU said in a statement.
Despite public commitments to climate action, the report found a gap between ambition and outcome. Around half of the companies studied have pledged to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 or sooner, but the ITU warned that overall emissions are still on the rise. “Net-zero targets have not yet translated into real-world reductions,” the agency stated.
The ITU’s findings raise questions about the sustainability of AI development, especially as competition intensifies among tech giants to lead in the AI space. The infrastructure required to train and run large-scale AI systems, including massive server farms and continuous power consumption, has emerged as a major challenge in aligning innovation with environmental goals.
Euronews Next reached out to the four companies cited in the report but did not receive an immediate response.
As the AI revolution accelerates, the ITU is urging greater transparency, regulatory oversight, and a focus on clean energy solutions to mitigate the environmental cost of technological progress.