Health
New Drug Shows Promise in Treating Alzheimer’s Symptoms in Mice
A compound derived from common herbs has shown promising results in improving memory and reducing harmful brain protein build-ups in mice, potentially paving the way for new Alzheimer’s treatments.
Breakthrough Study on Memory Enhancement
Researchers from The Scripps Research Institute in the United States have successfully tested a derivative of carnosic acid, a molecule found in rosemary and sage, for its potential in treating Alzheimer’s disease. Their findings, published in the journal Antioxidants, suggest that the compound, called diAcCA, could play a crucial role in combating cognitive decline.
In their study, mice genetically modified to exhibit Alzheimer’s-like symptoms were treated with diAcCA for three months. The results were striking: the mice demonstrated significant improvements in learning and memory, along with an increase in synapses—the vital junctions where neurons communicate. Since synapse loss is strongly linked to cognitive decline, these findings indicate a potential breakthrough in Alzheimer’s research.
Reduction of Alzheimer’s Hallmarks
Beyond cognitive improvements, the treated mice exhibited a reduction in amyloid plaques and tau tangles—two harmful proteins associated with Alzheimer’s. These protein accumulations are key indicators of the disease in humans and contribute to the progressive cognitive deterioration seen in patients.
Professor Stuart Lipton, a senior author of the study, highlighted the dual benefits of diAcCA, stating, “By combating inflammation and oxidative stress, we actually increased the number of synapses in the brain. We also reduced the levels of misfolded or aggregated proteins such as phosphorylated tau and amyloid-β, which are known biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease.”
An Innovative Approach with Antioxidant Properties
Carnosic acid, the parent molecule of diAcCA, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it degrades rapidly, making it difficult to use in medical applications. The researchers overcame this limitation by developing diAcCA, a more stable form of the compound that can be taken orally and converted into carnosic acid in the stomach before entering the bloodstream.
According to the study, the amount of the active compound in the blood of treated mice was 20% higher compared to traditional carnosic acid ingestion, suggesting greater efficacy. “We did multiple different tests of memory, and they were all improved with the drug,” Lipton noted. “It didn’t just slow down the decline; it improved virtually back to normal.”
Potential Implications for Alzheimer’s Treatment
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 70% of cases. Currently affecting around 7 million people across Europe, this number is expected to double to 14 million by 2030 due to the ageing population.
With promising preclinical results, researchers hope that diAcCA could lead to a viable treatment for Alzheimer’s in humans. The next steps will involve further studies to confirm its effectiveness and safety before progressing to human trials. If successful, this research could mark a significant milestone in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases.
Health
One in Four Teenagers Worldwide Does No Weekly Exercise, Study Finds
Around 240 million adolescents worldwide did not take part in physical activity on any day of the week in 2025, with girls falling further behind boys, according to a major global study published in The Lancet Global Health.
The research found that teenagers averaged 2.7 active days per week, a figure that remained unchanged between 2010 and 2025. Only 14 per cent, or about one in seven adolescents, reported being active every day.
The study analysed 389 surveys covering 3.2 million young people aged 11 to 17 across 140 countries. The data represented approximately 59 per cent of the global adolescent population.
Researchers defined an active day as one on which a teenager completed at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. This follows the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO), which counts activity at school, during travel and in leisure time.
The findings raise concerns about progress towards the WHO’s target of reducing the proportion of adolescents who fail to achieve 60 minutes of daily activity by 15 per cent between 2010 and 2030. The researchers found that no country or region was currently on track to meet the goal.
A clear gender gap emerged from the data. Boys averaged three active days per week in 2025, compared with 2.4 days for girls. The difference widened as girls grew older, suggesting that existing opportunities and programmes were not reaching them equally.
Geographical differences were also substantial. Adolescents in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and the Pacific, and high-income Western countries averaged around four active days each week. In these regions, between 6.9 and 7.7 per cent of teenagers reported no physical activity at all.
In contrast, young people in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, Oceania, South and Southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa averaged approximately two active days per week. The share reporting complete inactivity ranged from 22.7 to 33.1 per cent.
Finland, Canada and Serbia recorded the highest activity levels, with adolescents averaging between 4.5 and 4.8 active days weekly. Cambodia, Jordan and Madagascar were among the least active, averaging between 1.7 and 1.9 days.
The study’s authors linked these differences partly to structural conditions. Wealthier countries generally have more resources to support physical activity policies, provide public spaces and develop safe routes for walking and cycling.
The researchers said adolescence is an important period for establishing habits that influence health throughout adulthood. Regular exercise supports physical and mental wellbeing, but existing programmes are failing to reach large numbers of young people.
They called for stronger policies tailored to local conditions, with schools and neighbourhoods made more supportive of everyday activity. They also urged governments to address barriers affecting girls, including restrictive gender expectations, safety concerns and limited access to suitable sports and recreational activities.
Health
Health Groups Urge WHO to Tighten Drinking Water Nitrate Limits Over Cancer Risks
A coalition of 85 international health and environmental organisations has urged the World Health Organization (WHO) to revise its drinking water standards for nitrate, warning that exposure to levels below the existing limit may be associated with colorectal cancer and premature births.
In an open letter sent on Tuesday, the groups called on the United Nations health agency to include nitrate in its forthcoHealth Groups Urge WHO to Tighten Drinking Water Nitrate Limits Over Cancer Risks
ming review of drinking water guidelines. Signatories include Greenpeace International, the World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA) and the European Environmental Bureau.
The organisations argue that the WHO’s current nitrate limit is based on standards established decades ago and does not adequately reflect more recent scientific evidence about the potential effects of long-term exposure.
Nitrates and nitrites are naturally occurring compounds found in soil, water and food. However, human activities, including the use of agricultural fertilisers, manure runoff and poorly maintained septic systems, can increase nitrate concentrations in water supplies.
The current WHO guideline sets the maximum acceptable nitrate concentration at 50 milligrams per litre (mg/L), equivalent to 11.3 mg/L when measured as nitrate-nitrogen. The standard dates back to 1958 and was originally designed to prevent methaemoglobinaemia, commonly known as blue-baby syndrome. The condition reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen and can be fatal in infants.
The organisations say the existing threshold does not account for epidemiological research linking prolonged exposure to lower nitrate concentrations with other health risks, particularly bowel cancer and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
“Studies now link nitrate in drinking water, at levels well below the current WHO limit, to bowel cancer and premature birth,” said Pratyush Kumar, chair of WONCA, in a joint statement.
Amanda Larsson, Greenpeace’s global project lead for agriculture, said access to safe drinking water should be treated as a basic guarantee rather than a privilege.
The coalition also cited a report commissioned by the Danish government last year, which concluded that the existing international standard was insufficient to protect public health. The expert panel recommended reducing the nitrate limit to 6.0 mg/L.
Denmark has committed to adopting the lower threshold, although it has not announced a timetable for implementation. The organisations said this creates a growing difference between international guidance and national drinking water policies.
Most governments use WHO recommendations as the basis for their own drinking water standards, making changes to the agency’s guidelines important for wider regulatory reform, the letter said.
The appeal was issued on World One Health Day, which highlights the links between human, animal and environmental health.
The signatories also called on governments to reduce pollution from intensive livestock farming and support producers in adopting more environmentally sustainable agricultural practices.
They said stronger protections against nitrate contamination were needed to safeguard drinking water supplies and reduce potential health risks, particularly for children and pregnant women.
Health
Breast Cancer Screening Gaps Across Europe Leave Women Facing Unequal Access to Early Diagnosis
A breast biopsy can bring days of uncertainty, fear and difficult memories, particularly for women with a family history of cancer. For Euronews reporter Monica Pinna, a week-long wait for test results became a personal experience of the emotional strain involved in investigating a possible diagnosis, as well as the inequalities affecting breast cancer screening and care across Europe.
Pinna had delayed a routine breast examination for around two years before attending an appointment in France. Her mammogram appeared normal, but an ultrasound revealed a suspicious area that required a biopsy. She underwent the procedure two days later and waited seven days for the results.
During that period, she recalled relatives who had survived breast cancer and others who had died from the disease. Although the uncertainty disrupted her work and daily life, the doctor eventually confirmed that there was no cancer.
Her experience highlighted a wider problem: access to early detection and timely diagnosis varies considerably between European countries.
When breast cancer is detected before it spreads, five-year survival rates approach 100%, compared with 38% for women diagnosed at an advanced stage, according to figures cited in the report. The European Commission has allocated around €80 million through its Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan to strengthen screening, but access remains uneven.
Differences in screening arrangements, appointment availability, out-of-pocket costs and public awareness all affect women’s chances of receiving an early diagnosis. Research by the European Union and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has also identified social inequalities as a factor.
The time between screening and diagnosis varies across the continent. A study cited in the report found median waiting times ranging from eight days in Denmark to 32 days in Romania.
Maria Assunta, who lives in Sardinia, experienced a considerably longer process. At 46, a routine ultrasound identified a four-centimetre lump. She waited a month for a biopsy and another three weeks to receive her diagnosis. She is now in follow-up care, with examinations every six months, and describes the treatment she received as excellent.
Participation in organised screening programmes also remains inconsistent. In France, fewer than half of eligible women take part. Although screening rates increased in nine EU countries with available data compared with 2019, progress has stalled in many others.
Around 360,000 women in the EU are diagnosed with breast cancer each year, including approximately 61,000 in France. Estimates suggest that one in 11 women will develop the disease during their lifetime.
Access to psychological support is another concern. The OECD’s 2026 European Cancer Inequalities Report found that only 16 EU countries include psychological care in their cancer treatment pathways, alongside Norway and Iceland.
In Italy, a 2024 study of around 3,000 cancer patients found that only 20% had received psychological support. The Italian Federation of Voluntary Associations in Oncology estimates that specialised psycho-oncology services are available in only around 20% of hospitals.
Cancer survivors and medical volunteers have established initiatives to help address these gaps, offering activities such as yoga, Qigong and emotional support. However, provision remains limited and often depends on voluntary organisations.
Pinna’s experience ended with an all-clear, but she said it had changed her approach to screening. She hopes sharing her story will encourage women to attend regular examinations, while calling for faster diagnosis, wider access to treatment and psychological support across Europe.
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