U.S. President-elect Donald Trump has nominated Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, a Stanford University health economist and prominent critic of COVID-19 lockdowns and vaccine mandates, to head the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Bhattacharya’s appointment signals a potential shift in the agency’s direction as Trump prepares for his second term.

In a statement, Trump said Bhattacharya, 56, will collaborate with Robert F. Kennedy Jr., his nominee to lead the Department of Health and Human Services, to address the nation’s pressing health challenges. “Together, Jay and RFK Jr. will restore the NIH to a gold standard of medical research, addressing chronic illnesses and advancing solutions to save lives,” Trump said.

Reshaping the NIH

The NIH, a division of the Department of Health and Human Services, oversees a $48 billion budget, funding critical biomedical research on vaccines, cancer, and other diseases. It also conducts internal research through its extensive network of scientists. Bhattacharya has vowed to restore public trust in the agency, pledging reforms to enhance its transparency and focus.

In a post on X, formerly Twitter, Bhattacharya said he was “honored and humbled” by the nomination. “We will reform American scientific institutions to make them worthy of trust again and ensure that science is harnessed to improve the health of all Americans,” he stated.

A Controversial Background

Bhattacharya co-authored the Great Barrington Declaration in October 2020, which criticized widespread lockdowns during the pandemic. The declaration advocated for achieving herd immunity by allowing low-risk individuals to lead normal lives while protecting those at higher risk. This approach sparked widespread debate, with critics, including former NIH Director Dr. Francis Collins, labeling it as dangerous and outside mainstream science.

Bhattacharya has remained vocal about his opposition to lockdowns, calling them “the single biggest public health mistake” during a panel discussion in March 2021. His nomination underscores the continuing political and scientific divisions stemming from the pandemic.

Challenges and Approvals Ahead

Bhattacharya’s nomination will require Senate approval, as will Trump’s other health appointees, including Kennedy for the Department of Health and Human Services, Dr. Mehmet Oz for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and Dr. Marty Makary for the Food and Drug Administration.

As the U.S. health landscape faces challenges ranging from chronic disease to emerging infectious threats, Bhattacharya’s leadership at the NIH is expected to provoke both scrutiny and significant debate over the future direction of American biomedical research.

A recent survey by TELUS Health has revealed that nearly 40% of European workers are at risk of developing mental health conditions, with factors such as gender, age, socio-economic status, and national circumstances playing key roles.

The survey assessed 500 workers in each of six countries—France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Germany, and the Netherlands—and categorized individuals scoring below 80 on its mental health index as being at high risk. Spain emerged as having the highest percentage of workers at risk (48%), followed by Poland (45%) and Italy (43%). In contrast, the Netherlands recorded the lowest proportion of high-risk workers at 24%.

Influencing Factors in Mental Health

The study identified several factors contributing to mental health risks, including local circumstances, cultural differences, and systemic infrastructure. Poland’s proximity to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine was highlighted as a stress factor, given its geographic and political implications.

Gender disparities were also notable, with women reporting mental health scores over five points lower than men. Paula Allen, global leader and vice president of research and insights at TELUS Health, attributed this to financial inequities, employment challenges, and disparities in healthcare responses.

“There are clear differences in the world experienced by men and women, including under-recognized health issues such as endometriosis and menopause,” said Allen. She also noted that women often report negative experiences with healthcare providers, further affecting their mental well-being.

Physical and Financial Factors

The survey found a correlation between physical activity and mental health. Workers who exercised regularly reported better mental health scores, while those who were largely inactive—spending six or more hours sitting daily—had significantly lower scores. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 2.5 to 5 hours of moderate exercise per week to maintain health.

Financial security also emerged as a major determinant of mental health. Workers without emergency savings were three times more likely to experience anxiety or depression, with an average mental health score of 42 compared to 62 for those with savings. “Lack of emergency savings creates chronic anxiety, undermining optimal well-being,” Allen explained.

The Role of Employers

Employers can play a pivotal role in improving workers’ mental health by fostering supportive environments. Allen stressed the importance of integrating physical and mental health initiatives, such as resilience training, health guidance, and cultural alignment with occupational health standards.

“A sustainable framework for employee well-being benefits everyone and enhances organizational outcomes,” Allen noted, urging businesses to prioritize mental health in workplace policies.

The findings underline the pressing need for comprehensive approaches to address mental health challenges among European workers.

Haemochromatosis, a genetic condition that causes the body to store excessive amounts of iron, disproportionately affects people of Celtic heritage, including those from Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and Brittany. Despite its prevalence, awareness of the condition remains low, often leading to delayed diagnoses and increased health risks.

Iron is essential for producing haemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport. However, in individuals with haemochromatosis, iron accumulates in organs over time, potentially causing severe complications such as liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and heart problems.

A Common but Underdiagnosed Condition

The condition often manifests through symptoms like fatigue, joint pain, and “brain fog,” which can appear as early as age 30 but are more common in men around 50 and women post-menopause. Diagnosis typically involves a blood test to detect mutations in the HFE gene, which regulates iron absorption. Individuals who inherit two faulty copies of the gene are at higher risk of developing the condition, while carriers with one faulty gene are less likely to experience symptoms.

Matt Skinner, 39, from Wales, shared his experience with haemochromatosis. “I had difficulty retaining information at work and felt constantly fatigued,” he said. Initially misdiagnosed with depression, Skinner’s condition was only identified after persistent medical consultations.

The Celtic Connection

Nicknamed the “Celtic Curse,” haemochromatosis is particularly prevalent among people of Irish descent. Studies by Haemochromatosis UK estimate that one in 10 people in Northern Ireland carries the gene mutation, compared to one in 113 in Scotland and one in 150 in England and Wales. Genetic traces of the condition have been found in human remains dating back to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages in Northern Ireland, underscoring its deep historical roots.

Despite its nickname, the reasons for the genetic mutation’s prominence in Celtic populations remain unclear.

Management and Treatment

While there is no cure for haemochromatosis, it can be effectively managed through early diagnosis and treatment. Options include venesection (similar to blood donation) to reduce iron levels and chelation therapy, which removes heavy metals from the blood. Early intervention minimizes the risk of organ damage and improves quality of life.

Edward Holland, 66, from England, has undergone 38 venesections since his diagnosis in 2023. “I feel as if I have more energy now,” he said, emphasizing the importance of awareness for earlier diagnosis and better outcomes.

Health organizations in Ireland and Scotland have ramped up efforts to encourage testing, but advocates like Skinner and Holland believe more public campaigns are needed. “If I’d been diagnosed earlier, I could be in maintenance now,” Skinner noted.

Haemochromatosis may be underdiagnosed, but with increased awareness and proactive testing, many more could benefit from early treatment and improved health outcomes.