In a rare public address on Tuesday, Ken McCallum, head of the UK’s domestic intelligence agency MI5, revealed a disturbing rise in assassination attempts orchestrated by Russia and Iran on British soil. McCallum described the uptick as “staggering,” with the number of state-threat investigations conducted by MI5 surging by 48% over the past year.
Highlighting the involvement of criminal networks, McCallum noted that both Russia and Iran frequently enlist individuals, from international drug traffickers to “low-level crooks,” to execute their plots. He specifically emphasized Iran as a significant threat, disclosing that MI5 has thwarted 20 serious Tehran-backed schemes since 2022, coinciding with the death of Mahsa Amini in Iranian police custody. Her death ignited global protests and intensified scrutiny on Iran’s activities.
McCallum expressed concern that the escalating tensions in the Middle East, particularly following Iran’s recent attacks on Israel, could lead to heightened “Iranian state aggression in the UK.” He acknowledged that while the ongoing conflicts in the region, such as Israel’s confrontations with Hamas and Hezbollah, have not yet resulted in direct terror attacks within the UK, they pose a potential future threat.
The MI5 chief outlined a complex and “interconnected threat environment,” citing the resurgence of an Afghan affiliate of the Islamic State group, which claimed responsibility for an attack on a Moscow concert hall earlier this year. He underscored that hostile states and individual attackers contribute to the evolving threat landscape.
On the subject of Russia, McCallum accused the GRU, Russia’s military intelligence agency, of employing tactics such as arson and sabotage to sow chaos in the UK and across Europe. Currently, the UK’s official terror threat level stands at “substantial” on a five-point scale, indicating that an attack is considered likely.
McCallum highlighted that approximately 75% of terror plots in the UK are rooted in Islamic extremist ideology, with the remaining quarter stemming from extreme right-wing beliefs. However, he pointed out that the ideological spectrum of threats is broader, with many arising from online hate and conspiracy theories.
Reflecting on his career, McCallum noted, “The first 20 years of my career here were crammed full of terrorist threats. We now face those alongside state-backed assassination and sabotage plots, against the backdrop of a major European land war.”