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TUC Warns Gender Pay Gap May Persist Until 2056 Without Faster Action
Moves to close the gender pay gap will not be successful until 2056 if progress remains at its current rate, according to the Trades Union Congress (TUC). The union federation highlighted that women in the UK earn on average 12.8% less than men, equivalent to £2,548 a year.
Analysis of official pay data shows the gap is widest in the finance and insurance sector at 27.2%, while the leisure service industry records the smallest difference at 1.5%. Even in female-dominated fields such as education and health and social care, pay disparities remain high, at 17% and 12.8% respectively.
The gender pay gap measures the difference in salaries paid to men and women within the same industries. Employers in the UK with more than 250 staff are required to publish pay data. The TUC noted that these disparities mean the average woman effectively works for 47 days each year without pay compared to male colleagues.
“Women have effectively been working for free for the first month and a half of the year compared to men,” TUC general secretary Paul Nowak said. He stressed that the ongoing cost-of-living pressures make this inequity even more pressing, adding, “They deserve their fair share.”
Nowak acknowledged recent changes under the Employment Rights Act as a step toward pay parity but called for broader reforms. He urged the government to improve access to paid parental leave so that “mums and dads can better share care,” and emphasised the need for flexible working and affordable childcare.
The TUC also pointed to age as a factor in the pay gap, noting that women aged 50-59 experience the largest disparities. The organisation attributes this in part to long-term effects of women pausing or reducing their careers to take on caring responsibilities.
Business groups have warned that expanding benefits and leave provisions could increase costs for employers and discourage hiring. Matthew Percival, director for the Future of Work and Skills at the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), said, “The cost of doing business is already leading to firms cutting jobs. With major changes to employment laws coming down the line, the government must be extra careful not to add to those pressures.”
Employers will soon be required to publish plans outlining how they intend to reduce the gender pay gap. A government spokesperson highlighted ongoing measures, saying, “Combined with changes to flexible working, stronger protections for expectant and new mothers, and wider action to review parental leave and to expand childcare entitlements, we are tackling the root causes of the gender pay gap and backing women to succeed at work.”
The TUC’s warnings underline the scale of the challenge, suggesting that without accelerated efforts, progress toward pay equality remains decades away.
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Chickenpox Outbreak Spreads Through Gaza Camps as Overcrowding and Vaccine Gaps Raise Alarm
A chickenpox outbreak is spreading rapidly through displacement camps in Gaza, with around 9,300 cases recorded across more than 130 health facilities in just two weeks.
Doctors and health workers say the actual number of infections is likely much higher because many patients are treated in tents or local clinics and never reach hospitals. The UN health cluster attributed the rise to severe overcrowding, high summer temperatures and worsening access to clean water.
More than half of the reported cases were recorded in Khan Younis governorate. Health teams also registered more than 18,000 new cases of infectious skin diseases across Gaza during the same week, including scabies, head lice and impetigo.
Isolation, which is recommended for children with chickenpox, is nearly impossible in many displacement camps. Families of six or more often live together in tents measuring only a few square metres, while in some locations multiple families share a single tent.
Hamada Abu Ghali, who is displaced in Nuseirat, said doctors told his daughter to stay apart from other family members after she was diagnosed with chickenpox. But the family had no space to follow the advice.
“Before the war we had a house and rooms, but today all of us are in one tent,” he said.
Ahmed Abu Hussein, displaced in Deir al-Balah, said children continued to play together because families could not keep them inside cramped shelters.
“We can’t control them or keep them inside the tent, so the infection ends up spreading to the whole family,” he said.
At Al-Rantisi Children’s Hospital, paediatric consultant Dr Sharif Mattar said official figures probably represented only a fraction of the outbreak. Many children are treated in displacement sites and primary healthcare centres, leaving their cases out of hospital statistics.
Nurse Sheimaa Hajji said health centres were seeing more children with widespread rashes. Treatment has largely focused on easing itching and preventing secondary bacterial infections, but supplies are running short.
The outbreak is being worsened by a vaccination crisis. Bassam Zaqout, director of Medical Relief in Gaza, said thousands of children born during the war had been unable to complete routine vaccination schedules. Restrictions on vaccine deliveries have also limited efforts to improve community protection.
Health officials have warned that chickenpox can pose additional risks to pregnant women, while maternity services in Gaza remain severely limited.
The World Health Organisation said the health system continues to operate with restricted capacity because of damaged facilities, shortages of medicines and a lack of medical staff.
UN field teams have also reported unsafe water supplies and sewage flowing around displacement sites.
The UN health cluster has increased the distribution of fever medicines, anti-itch treatments and antibiotics for bacterial complications. Health education teams have also been deployed.
Aid agencies warn that these efforts will not be enough without a major increase in medical supplies, clean water and hygiene materials reaching Gaza.
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