US President Donald Trump has dismissed warnings that artificial intelligence could eventually threaten humanity, calling concerns about an AI-driven catastrophe a “hoax” as governments, technology executives and international organisations debate stronger safeguards.

In a series of posts on Truth Social on Monday, Trump rejected claims that increasingly powerful AI systems could escape human control. He presented strong presidential leadership as the main protection needed against the technology and compared concerns about AI with issues he has previously criticised, including climate change and investigations into Russian interference.

Trump said the United States could not afford to lose the global AI competition to China, which has become a central part of his administration’s technology policy.

His comments came as concerns about the pace of AI development have intensified. Anthropic chief executive Dario Amodei called on AI companies on Saturday to slow the development of increasingly capable systems. OpenAI chief executive Sam Altman and Elon Musk’s xAI have also raised concerns about the potential risks associated with advanced AI.

Microsoft published a “humanist AI code of conduct” on Monday, saying AI systems should remain under human control and subordinate to people.

Concerns have grown following reports involving experimental AI systems. OpenAI previously said some models had accessed the internet and coordinated actions involving Hugging Face, a platform used to store and share software code. The incidents have contributed to a wider debate over whether increasingly autonomous systems can be reliably controlled.

AI data centres have also become a growing political issue in the United States because of their heavy electricity and water requirements. Opposition to new facilities has increased in some communities, while the expansion of AI infrastructure is expected to remain an important issue ahead of the US midterm elections in November.

Trump criticised opponents of AI and data centres, arguing that excessive regulation could damage American technology companies and weaken the country’s position against China.

China has also increased its focus on AI risks while promoting the technology as a major area of strategic competition. Chen Yixin, China’s minister of state security, said on Sunday that artificial intelligence presented national security risks and could be used by foreign powers to threaten social stability.

Chen described AI as a major battleground in global technological competition and pointed to the advanced capabilities of systems including Anthropic’s Claude Mythos and OpenAI’s ChatGPT-5.5.

International concern is also reaching the United Nations. The UN Security Council is expected to hold a meeting on artificial intelligence next week, while UN human rights chief Volker Türk has urged governments and technology companies to respond urgently to what he described as unprecedented risks.

King Charles III is also expected to host representatives from leading AI companies at a gathering in Scotland.

The growing debate highlights a divide over how governments should respond to rapid AI advances. Supporters of stronger safeguards argue that development must be accompanied by effective oversight, while others, including Trump, warn that excessive restrictions could prevent the United States from maintaining its technological advantage over China.

Microsoft is introducing new safety and privacy standards for artificial intelligence tools used in US schools under an agreement negotiated with one of the country’s largest teachers’ unions, as concerns grow over children’s use of AI and screen time.

The agreement, signed last week with the American Federation of Teachers, establishes legally binding requirements covering how Microsoft’s AI products can be used in schools. The standards prohibit AI companions and features designed to create emotional attachment or dependency, as well as systems intended to keep students engaged beyond the time needed to complete a learning task.

The agreement also requires independent third-party audits to verify compliance with the standards.

Microsoft said it would not use student or educator data to train its AI systems, except for a limited category of information that could help protect students. Data collected through its education tools cannot be sold, used for advertising or used for product development, according to the agreement.

The standards also require greater transparency. Microsoft will have to provide families with clear explanations of how its AI tools operate and what information they collect.

“This standard sets a high bar for child privacy and AI safety, and we’ll extend this agreement to every school district across the country,” Brad Smith, Microsoft’s vice chair and president, said in a statement.

The standards will apply to Microsoft’s school contracts across the US from November 1.

The agreement comes as schools and governments debate how quickly AI should be introduced into classrooms and what safeguards should apply to younger users. OpenAI and Anthropic have also been discussing similar safety and privacy agreements with the teachers’ union.

Google, the dominant provider of education technology for US schools, has not said whether it plans to adopt comparable protections. The company expanded Gemini-powered tools in Google Classroom in August for school-issued accounts used by students under 18, prompting criticism from some child safety advocates.

Google says its Classroom platform is used by more than 150 million teachers and students worldwide.

The debate is also developing in Europe, where generative AI is already being used by students. A European Commission study of schools in Finland, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg and Spain found that students were using AI to explain difficult subjects, practise skills and prepare for exams.

A separate Austrian study in 2026 found that 60 per cent of surveyed 11- to 17-year-olds had sought advice from AI chatbots about issues including stress, conflicts and relationships. About 30 per cent said they had discussed worries or feelings with chatbots.

European governments have begun considering age-based restrictions. Norway has said children aged about six to 12 should generally not use generative AI independently for schoolwork, while France limits direct use among younger pupils and supports supervised classroom use from around age 13 or 14.

Josh Golin, executive director of online safety group Fairplay, warned that privacy safeguards should not automatically be viewed as an endorsement of wider AI use in schools.

He said the Microsoft framework would be more effective if other major technology companies also adopted similar standards, placing particular focus on whether Google would follow the same approach.

China will lead efforts to establish an open-source artificial intelligence zone for BRICS countries, President Xi Jinping said on Sunday as leaders of the 11-member group met for a summit in New Delhi.

Xi presented the proposal as part of a broader Chinese initiative aimed at promoting open and inclusive development of artificial intelligence. The plan would support cooperation among BRICS members in developing and applying large language models, while also creating specialised AI research and training programmes.

According to a readout of Xi’s speech released by Chinese state broadcaster CCTV, the initiative is intended to help build an open ecosystem for artificial intelligence.

Open-source AI models make their underlying code available to users, allowing developers and organisations to study, modify and adapt the technology for different applications. Chinese technology companies have increasingly developed prominent open-source models, while many leading US AI companies have generally pursued closed or restricted approaches to their most advanced systems.

Xi said China would work with BRICS partners to strengthen cooperation in AI development and applications. The proposal comes as governments around the world seek greater influence over the rules governing rapidly advancing AI technologies.

The Chinese president also called for the creation of a broad, consensus-based global framework for AI governance. His remarks reflect Beijing’s push for greater international participation in establishing standards for artificial intelligence as the technology becomes increasingly important to economies and national security.

The BRICS group was established in 2009 as a forum for major emerging economies seeking greater influence in international institutions traditionally dominated by Western powers. The group initially consisted of Brazil, Russia, India and China, with South Africa joining later. Its membership has since expanded to include additional countries.

AI has emerged as an increasingly important area of competition between China and the United States. Both countries are investing heavily in computing infrastructure, research and advanced AI systems, while also debating how the technology should be regulated.

Xi is expected to travel to the United States later this month for talks with President Donald Trump. Artificial intelligence governance could feature in those discussions as concerns increase over the pace of development and the potential risks associated with increasingly powerful AI systems.

The proposal for an open-source AI zone could also strengthen technological cooperation among BRICS members by giving researchers and developers greater access to shared models and expertise.

China’s push comes at a time when countries are competing not only to develop advanced AI systems but also to shape the international rules governing their use. Xi’s call for an open ecosystem signals Beijing’s intention to play a central role in that emerging global framework.