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Armenia and Azerbaijan Sign Historic Peace Deal in Washington, Marking End to Decades-Long Karabakh Conflict
Armenia and Azerbaijan on Friday signed a landmark peace agreement ending nearly four decades of bloodshed over the disputed Karabakh region, in a ceremony attended by US President Donald Trump but notably absent of Russia, long a dominant player in the South Caucasus.
Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev hailed the signing as the start of “a great new history,” declaring, “We are today establishing peace in the South Caucasus.” Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan described the accord as “opening a chapter of peace” and “laying foundations to a better story than the one we had in the past.”
Trump, standing alongside both leaders at the White House, called the deal a breakthrough where others had failed. “They suffered greatly for so many years,” he said. “The European Union, the Russians — they never made it happen. But with this accord, we finally succeeded in making peace.”
The agreement follows Azerbaijan’s September 2023 military campaign that restored full control over Karabakh. Over the past year, Baku and Yerevan have worked to normalize relations without mediation from Moscow or other third parties.
A key feature of the accord is the creation of the “Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity,” a major transit corridor connecting mainland Azerbaijan with its Nakhchivan exclave through Armenian territory. The route will operate under Armenian law, with the US subleasing the land to a consortium for infrastructure and management. Officials say it will boost regional trade, strengthen Azerbaijan’s links to Turkey, and help Armenia diversify its economy while safeguarding its sovereignty.
The deal also includes the formal dissolution of the OSCE Minsk Group, the long-standing mediation platform co-chaired by the US, France, and Russia since 1992. Pashinyan argued the format had outlived its purpose. The decision signals a definitive geopolitical pivot away from Moscow, as both nations seek deeper ties with the West.
Russia, sidelined from the peace process, has launched a wave of criticism against Pashinyan through state-controlled media, accusing him of compromising Armenian sovereignty. Relations with Azerbaijan have also deteriorated, particularly after investigations linked a December crash of an Azerbaijani airliner in Kazakhstan to Russian air defense activity.
Aliyev has vowed to take Russia to international court over the incident, citing the precedent of legal action against Moscow in the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 over eastern Ukraine in 2014.
Friday’s signing marks not just the end of one of the post-Soviet world’s longest-running conflicts, but a dramatic reshaping of the South Caucasus’ geopolitical map — with the US, not Russia, now positioned at the center of regional diplomacy.
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EU Must End ‘Naivety’ on Trade and Confront China’s Industrial Strategy, Says French Minister
France’s Minister for Foreign Trade, Nicolas Forissier, has called on the European Union to abandon what he described as “naivety” in its approach to global trade, urging a tougher stance on countries accused of distorting markets through industrial policy and trade practices.
Speaking in an interview with Euronews’ 12 Minutes With programme, Forissier said Europe must respond more firmly to what he described as the weaponisation of trade dependencies, warning that China in particular could damage its own long-term interests by undermining European industry.
“The Chinese have to understand that they won’t win anything if they destroy the European industry and then the European market, which is an essential market for them,” he said. “We must no longer be naive.”
His comments come as the European Commission prepares to hold an “orientation debate” next week on how to respond to a surge of low-cost Chinese imports. The discussion is expected to shape possible new trade defence measures, with further talks likely when EU leaders meet in Brussels in mid-June.
Forissier said the shift in thinking was not limited to China alone but applied to any country using commercial leverage to gain strategic advantage. “It is not only China,” he said. “It is all the countries that weaponise trade.”
Among the proposals under consideration is a requirement for EU companies to diversify supply chains, sourcing components from at least three different suppliers in order to reduce dependency on any single foreign market. Asked whether he supported such a measure, Forissier replied: “Yes, we have to.”
Other options include targeted tariffs on sensitive industries such as chemicals, alongside stronger use of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy tools to counter imports priced below domestic market levels. These measures are designed to address concerns over overcapacity in China’s industrial sector and its impact on European manufacturers.
The debate is taking place against a backdrop of widening trade imbalances. EU goods imports from China exceeded exports by €359.3 billion in 2025, marking an increase of nearly 20% compared with the previous year.
China has already warned it could retaliate if the bloc imposes new restrictions, raising concerns about potential escalation in trade tensions between two of the world’s largest economies.
France has repeatedly pushed for a more assertive European trade policy, arguing that state subsidies, export controls on raw materials and industrial overproduction in major economies are distorting global markets.
Forissier stressed that Europe must maintain open dialogue with Beijing while defending its own industrial base. “We try to respect the Chinese,” he said. “The Chinese have to respect us, and this is the message European institutions have to send.”
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