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Poland Concludes EU Council Presidency with Focus on Defence and Security
Poland’s six-month presidency of the Council of the European Union formally concludes today, marking the end of a term shaped by heightened geopolitical tensions and a sharp focus on defence and border security.
Since taking over the rotating presidency on January 1, 2025, Poland has led EU Council meetings during a period marked by war on Europe’s eastern border and growing instability in the Middle East. In a press conference in Brussels on Thursday, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen praised Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s leadership through what she described as a “difficult presidency.”
“Your presidency has been difficult, but you have done well,” von der Leyen said, citing Poland’s success in advancing 37 legislative acts and negotiating 18 more. European Council President Antonio Costa also commended Poland for sustaining pressure on Russia and pushing through key defence and sanctions measures amid the ongoing war in Ukraine.
In his address, Prime Minister Tusk reflected on the evolution of the EU’s security posture, describing Poland’s presidency as a turning point in European strategic thinking.
“The European Union came into being as a great dream of a continent without war,” Tusk said. “Do you know how difficult it was to break this paradigm? This naive European faith?” He credited Poland with convincing the bloc to take “bold and unprecedented decisions” in the face of growing threats.
Among the key achievements highlighted were the approval of €150 billion under the SAFE programme to strengthen the EU’s defence industry and financial support for the Shield East initiative to reinforce the bloc’s eastern frontiers. Tusk also noted a major agreement among NATO-aligned EU countries to increase defence spending to 5% of GDP, with Poland set to reach 4.7% by the end of 2025.
Poland’s presidency was not without controversy. A law signed by Tusk allowing for the temporary suspension of asylum applications drew sharp criticism from human rights organisations, who warned of potential abuses, particularly at the Polish-Belarusian border. Nonetheless, Tusk defended the measure as a necessary step to manage illegal migration and bolster European border security.
Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski also underscored the gravity of the global situation during Poland’s term. “War at the borders, but also the crisis in the Middle East,” he said. “We have achieved a lot… especially in building tools for European resilience and security.”
Looking ahead, Tusk pointed to the 18th EU sanctions package targeting Russia’s so-called “shadow fleet” — a network of tankers used to circumvent sanctions. He described it as a threat not just to regional stability, but also to the environment.
As Belgium prepares to assume the EU presidency, Poland departs with a reinforced role in shaping the Union’s defence agenda and a legacy defined by its response to a continent in crisis.
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