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80th Anniversary of Thiaroye Massacre Revives Calls for Justice and Historical Clarity
As Senegal marks the 80th anniversary of the Thiaroye massacre, the tragic events of December 1, 1944, are back in focus, highlighting long-standing tensions between Senegal and its former colonial power, France. Historians estimate that hundreds of West African riflemen, soldiers in the French Army during World War II, were killed by French troops after demanding unpaid wages.
Among those seeking answers is 86-year-old Biram Senghor, who regularly visits the anonymous graves in a military cemetery in Thiaroye, near Dakar, to honor his father, M’Bap Senghor, one of the soldiers killed that day. “I have been fighting to get answers for over 80 years,” Senghor said.
The victims were part of the Tirailleurs Sénégalais, a corps of colonial infantry that fought in both World Wars. The massacre followed disputes over unpaid wages, with unarmed African soldiers reportedly shot dead by French troops. Official French military reports initially minimized the death toll, citing 35 or 70 deaths, and labeled the killings as a response to a “mutiny.” However, many historians believe the number of victims was likely in the hundreds.
Macron Acknowledges the Massacre
French President Emmanuel Macron officially recognized the events of Thiaroye as a massacre in a letter to Senegalese President Bassirou Diomaye Faye. Macron acknowledged the “chain of events” that led to the killings, though he stopped short of specifying the number of victims.
Historians, including Martin Mourre, author of Thiaroye 1944, History and Memory of a Colonial Massacre, dispute claims of a mutiny, pointing to the absence of weapons among the riflemen and no injuries reported among French soldiers. “What happened on December 1st was the execution of unarmed soldiers,” Mourre asserted.
Despite Macron’s acknowledgment, transparency remains limited. While French President François Hollande transferred some archival materials to Senegal in 2014, key documents—such as the location of mass graves and the number of soldiers present—remain unavailable.
Senegal Takes Control of the Narrative
Under President Faye, Senegal is prioritizing the Thiaroye massacre in its national narrative. Major commemorations will take place from December 1, 2024, to April 2025, including public events and social media campaigns aimed at educating younger generations.
“The goal is to make Thiaroye part of Senegal’s national story,” said Babacar Ndiaye, a political analyst with the Wathi think tank.
The anniversary coincides with a broader decline in French influence in West Africa, as nations like Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso distance themselves from Paris. Senegal’s president has also hinted at reevaluating the presence of French troops in the country, reflecting a growing sentiment of reclaiming sovereignty.
As commemorations unfold, Senegal’s efforts to shed light on the massacre signal a renewed commitment to historical justice and a redefinition of its post-colonial identity.
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Chickenpox Outbreak Spreads Through Gaza Camps as Overcrowding and Vaccine Gaps Raise Alarm
A chickenpox outbreak is spreading rapidly through displacement camps in Gaza, with around 9,300 cases recorded across more than 130 health facilities in just two weeks.
Doctors and health workers say the actual number of infections is likely much higher because many patients are treated in tents or local clinics and never reach hospitals. The UN health cluster attributed the rise to severe overcrowding, high summer temperatures and worsening access to clean water.
More than half of the reported cases were recorded in Khan Younis governorate. Health teams also registered more than 18,000 new cases of infectious skin diseases across Gaza during the same week, including scabies, head lice and impetigo.
Isolation, which is recommended for children with chickenpox, is nearly impossible in many displacement camps. Families of six or more often live together in tents measuring only a few square metres, while in some locations multiple families share a single tent.
Hamada Abu Ghali, who is displaced in Nuseirat, said doctors told his daughter to stay apart from other family members after she was diagnosed with chickenpox. But the family had no space to follow the advice.
“Before the war we had a house and rooms, but today all of us are in one tent,” he said.
Ahmed Abu Hussein, displaced in Deir al-Balah, said children continued to play together because families could not keep them inside cramped shelters.
“We can’t control them or keep them inside the tent, so the infection ends up spreading to the whole family,” he said.
At Al-Rantisi Children’s Hospital, paediatric consultant Dr Sharif Mattar said official figures probably represented only a fraction of the outbreak. Many children are treated in displacement sites and primary healthcare centres, leaving their cases out of hospital statistics.
Nurse Sheimaa Hajji said health centres were seeing more children with widespread rashes. Treatment has largely focused on easing itching and preventing secondary bacterial infections, but supplies are running short.
The outbreak is being worsened by a vaccination crisis. Bassam Zaqout, director of Medical Relief in Gaza, said thousands of children born during the war had been unable to complete routine vaccination schedules. Restrictions on vaccine deliveries have also limited efforts to improve community protection.
Health officials have warned that chickenpox can pose additional risks to pregnant women, while maternity services in Gaza remain severely limited.
The World Health Organisation said the health system continues to operate with restricted capacity because of damaged facilities, shortages of medicines and a lack of medical staff.
UN field teams have also reported unsafe water supplies and sewage flowing around displacement sites.
The UN health cluster has increased the distribution of fever medicines, anti-itch treatments and antibiotics for bacterial complications. Health education teams have also been deployed.
Aid agencies warn that these efforts will not be enough without a major increase in medical supplies, clean water and hygiene materials reaching Gaza.
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