Artificial intelligence is rapidly changing the language of the European job market, with AI-related titles appearing in a growing number of vacancies outside traditional technology and data roles.

Data from global hiring platform Indeed shows that employers are increasingly adding AI to job titles in areas including sales, human resources, legal services, customer support and administration.

The trend reflects the wider adoption of AI tools across Europe. Eurostat data shows that 15 per cent of people aged between 16 and 74 in the European Union used generative AI for work in 2025.

“AI-related skills, tasks and tools are becoming mainstream in the labour market,” said Pawel Adrjan, Indeed’s director of economic research.

Indeed classifies a position as an AI-labelled job title when at least five postings using that title include AI in the employer’s job title during a calendar quarter.

Germany recorded the highest number of AI-labelled job titles in the first quarter of 2026, with 288. The UK followed with 160, France with 138, the Netherlands with 84 and Spain with 81.

The figures show a sharp increase since the first quarter of 2022. Germany’s total rose from 72 to 288 during the period, while Spain increased from eight to 81. France climbed from 35 to 138, the UK from 61 to 160 and the Netherlands from 21 to 84.

AI-labelled positions now account for a growing share of all job titles. In Germany, they represented 4.2 per cent of job titles in the first quarter of 2026, compared with 0.8 per cent four years earlier.

The figure reached 3.3 per cent in France, 2.7 per cent in the UK, 2.3 per cent in Spain and 2.2 per cent in the Netherlands.

The expansion is also spreading beyond the technology sector. In Germany, 59 per cent of AI-labelled job titles were outside tech occupations, while the figure stood at 58 per cent in the Netherlands. France and the UK each recorded 54 per cent.

Spain was the exception, with 64 per cent of AI-labelled positions still based in technology roles.

Examples of emerging roles include sales executives specialising in AI, data and analytics, lecturers in digital business and AI, legal counsel positions covering privacy and AI, and operations specialists focused on AI adoption.

Employers in Germany, France and the Netherlands are also seeking HR, sales and marketing professionals who can use or sell AI-based tools.

Adrjan said adding AI to a job title was likely a deliberate decision showing that employers viewed the technology as central to the role.

The data suggests AI is no longer limited to specialist technical positions, with companies increasingly seeking workers who can apply the technology across a wide range of everyday business functions.

The digital nomad lifestyle has grown rapidly in recent years, but entrepreneurs planning to run their businesses from overseas face a range of financial, legal and operational issues before booking a one-way flight.

Google searches for “digital nomad visas” rose 1,135 per cent worldwide in 2024, according to Expatnetwork. The increase reflects growing interest in combining remote work with international travel, but business owners must plan carefully before relocating.

The first step is choosing the right visa. Countries including Brazil, Costa Rica, Thailand and Indonesia offer dedicated digital nomad visas, while other countries restrict employment on tourist visas.

Alex Miles, chief operating officer at business credit card company Capital on Tap, advised entrepreneurs to check eligibility rules, income requirements, permitted stay periods and renewal options before travelling.

Tax obligations are another major concern. Moving abroad can affect personal tax residency and a company’s legal responsibilities. Entrepreneurs may become liable for tax in more than one country, creating additional costs and compliance requirements.

Specialist tax and legal advice can help business owners understand double taxation agreements, reporting obligations and the point at which their residency status may change.

International finances also require preparation. Entrepreneurs should consider banking and payment services that support multiple currencies, offer competitive exchange rates and limit foreign transaction fees. Keeping personal and business finances separate can also simplify bookkeeping and tax reporting.

Reliable internet and suitable workspaces are equally important. Before choosing a destination, business owners should check internet speeds, mobile coverage and the availability of coworking spaces.

Insurance is another area that can easily be overlooked. Standard travel policies may not cover long-term remote work, expensive equipment or business activities. Entrepreneurs may need separate travel, health and business cover to protect against medical emergencies, stolen equipment and interruptions to operations.

Time zone differences can also affect productivity. Large gaps between an entrepreneur and clients or employees can create difficulties with meetings, deadlines and communication.

Cybersecurity is a further concern for people working from changing locations. Public Wi-Fi can expose business systems to additional risks, making virtual private networks, multi-factor authentication, software updates and secure networks important safeguards.

Entrepreneurs should also maintain an emergency fund to cover unexpected visa delays, medical expenses or accommodation changes without taking money from the business.

Finally, business owners need to protect long-term revenue and continuity. Client demand, payment schedules and market hours may change after relocation, making it important to ensure that the business can continue operating smoothly even when the owner is far from home.

Nearly one in five jobs across the European Union is vulnerable because of low pay, insecure employment or limited workplace rights, with Spain recording the highest rate, according to a new report by Eurofound.

The agency defines employment vulnerability as a combination of inadequate income, employment insecurity and a lack of workplace rights. Its latest analysis found that 18.8% of jobs in the EU met at least one of those criteria in 2021, the most recent year with comparable income data.

The overall trend has improved over the past decade. Vulnerability rose from 21.4% in 2009 to 23.8% in 2014 following the financial crisis, driven partly by an increase in involuntary temporary and part-time work. The rate then declined steadily from 2016, falling below its pre-crisis level.

Spain recorded the highest rate in the report at 29%, followed by Portugal and Luxembourg at 25% and Italy at 24%. Hungary recorded 17%, while Malta and Bulgaria each stood at 18%.

Data for 2021 was unavailable for Cyprus, Czechia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Sweden, which were excluded from the comparison.

The reasons for vulnerability vary across Europe. Low pay is the main factor in countries including Germany, Austria and several central and eastern European states. In Bulgaria, low income accounted for nearly three quarters of vulnerable employment in the report’s 2019 analysis.

In other countries, job insecurity is more significant. Involuntary temporary and part-time work plays a major role in several Mediterranean and Nordic countries and accounted for 56% of vulnerability in Ireland, the highest proportion recorded in the EU.

Eurofound said women, young people, migrants, Roma, people with disabilities and LGBT+ workers are more likely to experience vulnerable employment. Discrimination, care responsibilities, legal barriers and unrecognised qualifications can all increase the risk.

Education provides significant protection. In Hungary, 58% of workers with low levels of education were considered vulnerable, compared with 6% of graduates.

Experience also reduces the risk, with each additional year in the labour market associated with an average one percentage point decline in vulnerability.

The report warned that the greatest harm occurs when several disadvantages overlap. Workers facing multiple forms of vulnerability are more likely to experience poor career prospects, limited training opportunities, less autonomy and unpredictable earnings.

They also report higher levels of anxiety and depression.

Eurofound said policymakers must preserve flexibility while ensuring that temporary and other non-standard forms of employment do not weaken job quality. It also stressed that effective labour inspections are essential to enforce workplace protections.