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Raising Pension Ages Sparks Controversy Across Europe Amid Economic Challenges

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Efforts to raise the retirement age in Europe have ignited political backlash despite economic arguments supporting the move. As populations age and life expectancy increases, governments face mounting pressure to balance state budgets while addressing disparities among workers.

Raising the pension age has been positioned as a necessary measure to mitigate the growing ratio of retirees to active workers. However, critics argue that a universal approach is impractical and unfair, disproportionately impacting low-income earners, individuals in poor health, and those with physically demanding jobs.

In many countries, such as France, Italy, and Spain, exemptions exist for hazardous or arduous professions, allowing workers in such fields to retire earlier. For example, French workers exposed to extreme temperatures or night shifts can access their pensions sooner than others. Yet, these measures often fall short of addressing broader concerns over equity and worker wellbeing.

Health as a Determining Factor
Health remains a significant reason many workers retire before reaching the statutory pension age. Blue-collar workers, whose jobs are often physically demanding, are particularly affected, explained Arthur Seibold, an economics professor at the University of Mannheim. In contrast, white-collar workers tend to stay employed longer due to less physically taxing roles.

Investing in healthcare and creating age-friendly workplaces are vital strategies to keep workers engaged longer. Notably, studies suggest that postponing retirement can reduce cognitive decline, although the impact varies by profession and individual circumstances.

Financial Incentives and Flexibility
Financial considerations also influence retirement decisions. Wealthier individuals, often with additional savings or property assets, can afford early retirement. Barret Kupelian, chief economist at PwC, noted that rising house prices in the UK, for instance, encourage older workers to retire early, as they feel financially secure.

Governments have implemented incentives to retain older workers, such as tax breaks and flexible working arrangements. Belgium’s “flexi-job” system, which allows retirees to work tax-free, exemplifies this approach. Such measures, combined with a positive work environment, can motivate older employees to remain in the workforce.

Professional Fulfillment and Ageism
Many older workers cite professional satisfaction as a reason for staying employed. Edward, a retired accountant, described how returning to work gave him a renewed sense of purpose. Similarly, Janie, a self-employed luxury sales professional, emphasized the personal and financial rewards of working beyond retirement age.

While ageism in the workplace remains a concern, legal protections often favor older employees, making it harder to dismiss them. However, re-employment challenges persist, particularly due to higher wage expectations and skill gaps, such as technological proficiency.

As Europe grapples with labor shortages and aging populations, policymakers must balance economic demands with fairness and inclusivity. The debate over retirement will only intensify in the years ahead.

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Prada’s Strong Earnings Fuel Speculation Over Versace Acquisition

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Prada Group has reported its fourth consecutive year of double-digit growth, positioning itself as a potential buyer for Versace, which is currently owned by Capri Holdings. The strong financial results come as the luxury sector faces its first downturn since the 2008 financial crisis, making Prada’s performance stand out among its competitors.

Prada’s Earnings Defy Market Trends

On Tuesday, Prada announced a 17% increase in revenues, reaching €5.4 billion in 2024, up from €4.7 billion in 2023. The company’s retail sales grew by 18%, totaling €4.6 billion.

Breaking down the performance by brand:

  • Prada, which drives the majority of earnings, saw a 4% increase in sales.
  • Miu Miu, the group’s younger brand, nearly doubled its revenues, marking a significant boost in demand.

This success comes despite a sluggish global luxury market, which contracted in 2023 for the first time in over a decade. Prada Group Chairman Patrizio Bertelli credited the company’s resilience to its commitment to “product innovation, quality, craftsmanship, and a deep understanding of contemporary fashion trends.”

Versace Acquisition Talks Gain Momentum

With Prada’s robust financial standing, speculation is growing over its interest in acquiring Versace from Capri Holdings. The U.S.-based luxury group, which also owns Michael Kors and Jimmy Choo, purchased Versace in 2018 for €1.8 billion but has since struggled to reposition the iconic Italian brand. Reports suggest Versace could now be valued at around €1.5 billion, a significant discount from its original price.

Prada’s Co-Chief Executive Miuccia Prada added fuel to the speculation last week when she commented that Versace was “on everybody’s table” following Prada’s Fall-Winter 2025-26 collection showcase.

During an analyst conference call, CEO Andrea Guerra remained cautious, stating that Prada’s focus remains on growing its existing brands. However, he also acknowledged that it would be “arrogant” not to explore opportunities, without directly naming Versace.

Challenges of a Potential Deal

While acquiring Versace could strengthen Prada’s portfolio, industry analysts warn of potential risks. Luca Solca, a luxury sector analyst at Bernstein, suggested that Prada “may be getting Versace on the cheap” but cautioned that turning around the brand would require significant investment, management attention, and short-term sacrifices.

Additionally, Prada’s past track record with acquisitions has been mixed, raising concerns about whether it can successfully integrate Versace into its operations.

Looking Ahead

As Capri Holdings struggles to reposition Versace, industry watchers will be closely monitoring Prada’s next moves. While the company remains non-committal, its strong earnings and market position give it the flexibility to make a bold acquisition—one that could reshape the future of both brands in the global luxury landscape.

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China Sets 2025 Growth Target at 5% Amid Rising Trade Tensions

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China has set its gross domestic product (GDP) growth target at 5% for 2025, maintaining the same goal as last year despite escalating trade tensions with the United States and global economic uncertainties. The announcement came during the annual Two Sessions government meeting, where Chinese leaders also unveiled a series of stimulus measures aimed at bolstering the economy.

Increased Deficit and Lower Inflation Target

As part of its Government Work Report, Beijing has raised its budget deficit to 4% of GDP, marking the highest level in three decades. This move aligns with its “highly proactive” fiscal policy stance, which was initially outlined in January.

Additionally, the government has lowered its inflation target to 2% from 3% in 2024, the lowest in more than two decades, reflecting concerns over sluggish domestic demand and a slowing economy.

The Two Sessions—the annual meetings of the National People’s Congress (NPC) and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)—are expected to conclude on March 11, with more economic policies set to be discussed.

Beijing Announces New Stimulus Measures

To support economic growth, China has unveiled a range of stimulus measures, including:

  • 4.4 trillion yuan (€570 billion) in special-purpose bonds for infrastructure projects.
  • 1.3 trillion yuan (€168 billion) in ultra-long special Treasury bonds to finance long-term projects.
  • 500 billion yuan (€65 billion) in special sovereign bonds to strengthen the country’s largest commercial banks.

The government has also announced policies to boost domestic consumption, support the artificial intelligence (AI) industry, and expand renewable energy projects. Premier Li Qiang emphasized the need to stimulate domestic demand, particularly as trade risks grow due to tariffs imposed by former U.S. President Donald Trump.

Additionally, China plans to expand cross-border e-commerce to push for more exports, with new supporting policies set to be introduced.

US-China Trade War Escalates

The latest round of stimulus measures comes amid a widening trade conflict between the U.S. and China. Last month, Trump imposed a 10% tariff on Chinese goods, which was doubled to 20% on Tuesday.

In retaliation, China has announced a 15% tariff on U.S. agricultural products, including chicken, wheat, corn, and cotton, alongside a 10% tariff on soy, pork, beef, fruits, and vegetables. These duties will take effect on March 10.

This follows Beijing’s first round of retaliatory tariffs in February, which targeted U.S. liquefied natural gas, crude oil, farm equipment, and certain vehicles.

The escalating trade war, combined with tariffs imposed on Mexico and Canada, has led to sharp declines in global stock markets. Trump acknowledged the economic impact of his tariff strategy but downplayed concerns, stating in a Congressional address that the U.S. is “okay with that.”

Chinese Markets Rebound as Copper Prices Surge

Despite the trade tensions, Chinese markets showed resilience on Wednesday. The Hang Seng Index rebounded nearly 2%, snapping a four-day losing streak, while all three mainland stock benchmarks posted gains.

In the commodities market, copper futures surged 1.6%, driven by Beijing’s additional stimulus measures aimed at infrastructure and AI projects. As the world’s largest copper importer, China’s increased demand has lifted prices, benefiting global manufacturers and electric vehicle producers.

However, crude oil prices remained near yearly lows, weighed down by OPEC+’s recent decision to increase supply.

Looking Ahead

With trade tensions rising and economic headwinds persisting, China’s leadership faces mounting pressure to stabilize growth and shield its economy from external risks. The next phase of economic policies will likely focus on strengthening domestic industries, securing alternative trade partnerships, and ensuring financial stability amid ongoing global uncertainties.

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Income Tax Burdens Vary Across Europe, Study Finds

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A new analysis of income tax burdens across Europe has revealed significant disparities in taxation levels, with Nordic countries and Belgium imposing the heaviest rates, while Eastern and Southern European nations generally maintain lower tax burdens.

According to data compiled by Euronews Business using Eurostat figures, the proportion of income tax deducted from gross earnings varies widely depending on location, marital status, number of income earners, and the presence of dependent children.

Single Workers Face Wide Tax Disparities

In 2023, the average single worker without children in the European Union (EU) had an annual gross income of €41,004, with income taxes accounting for 17.3% (€7,075). However, the tax burden ranged significantly across 31 countries, from as low as 3.2% in Cyprus to 36% in Denmark.

Denmark topped the list with an average annual gross salary of €65,506, of which €23,757 was deducted in taxes. In contrast, Cyprus had a much lower average salary of €26,689 but required only €853 in taxes. Other high-tax nations included Iceland and Belgium, both surpassing the 25% threshold, while Ireland, Italy, Finland, Luxembourg, and Norway also recorded rates above 20%.

In contrast, Poland (5.7%), Romania (7%), Bulgaria (8.6%), and Czechia (9%) had some of the lowest tax burdens. Among the EU’s largest economies, Italy’s rate stood at 22.1%, exceeding the EU average, while Germany (17%), France (16.2%), and Spain (15.6%) fell below it.

Switzerland: High Earnings, Low Tax Burden

Switzerland presented an interesting case, reporting the highest average annual gross earnings at €105,105. Despite its high wages, the country maintained a relatively low tax rate of 12.2% (€12,796 in taxes), ranking 22nd overall. Tax Foundation analyst Alex Mengden attributed this to intense competition among local tax jurisdictions within Switzerland.

Couples and Families See Reduced Tax Burdens

For a two-earner couple without children, the average gross annual earnings in the EU amounted to €81,732, with €14,000 (17.1%) paid in income taxes. Again, Denmark had the highest burden (35.5%), while Cyprus maintained the lowest rate at 3.3%.

When children are factored in, tax burdens decrease significantly. A one-earner couple with two children in the EU had an average gross income of €41,043, but paid only €3,311 in taxes, representing an 8.1% rate. Some countries, such as Slovakia (-14.1%), Czechia (-6.5%), Poland (-1.1%), and Germany (-0.2%), even offered negative tax rates, meaning eligible families received refunds instead of paying taxes.

Where Do Taxes Hit the Hardest?

The study confirms that Denmark consistently ranks highest in tax burdens across all household types. Belgium follows closely, ranking in the top three for most categories. Nordic countries generally impose the highest tax rates, while Eastern and Southern European nations tend to have lower tax burdens, often accompanied by strong family-oriented tax incentives.

Germany, Slovakia, and Portugal exhibit some of the largest tax reductions for one-earner families, signaling favorable policies for households with children. As income tax structures continue to evolve, regional trends show a persistent divide between high-tax welfare states and low-tax economies prioritizing wage growth and business-friendly policies.

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