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French NGO Uncovers Microplastics in Coca-Cola and Schweppes Beverages

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Microplastics in Coca-Cola and Schweppes Beverages

A recent report by the French non-governmental organization Agir pour l’Environnement (Act for the Environment) has revealed the presence of six types of plastic in Coca-Cola and Schweppes sodas. The findings were the result of studies conducted by two independent laboratories, which analyzed the potential presence of nano and microplastic particles in the beverages.

The research aimed to simulate real-world usage by opening the bottles once, 10 times, and 20 times. The analysis identified six different polymers in the sodas, a finding that the NGO described as “surprising.” According to the organization, manufacturers typically declare only two polymers in contact with the beverage: polyethylene (PE) for the cap and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for the bottle.

Magali Leroy, who oversees surveys and analyses for Agir pour l’Environnement, called the results into question, stating that they raise concerns about the safety of the containers provided by Coca-Cola and the oversight by French health authorities. “These findings demand that Coca-Cola and French health authorities ensure consumers are not exposed to molecules that could have potential health risks,” Leroy emphasized.

The study found that even after the initial opening of the bottles, microplastic particles were present. Specifically, four microparticles were detected per liter of Coca-Cola, and 4.6 microparticles per liter of Schweppes. As the bottles were opened 20 times, the number of microparticles increased dramatically, with 46 microparticles per liter of Coca-Cola and 62 microparticles per liter of Schweppes being identified.

The report suggests that the plastic cap may degrade over time, leading to an increase in particle release as the bottle is repeatedly opened. The microparticles discovered were predominantly smaller than 500 micrometers (µm), with the majority being less than 100 µm, and many smaller than 50 µm. Additionally, a significant quantity of nanoparticles was found in both sodas.

The irregular shape of these nanoparticles, according to the report, enhances their potential to interact with other particles and human cells, possibly increasing the risk of adverse health effects.

In light of these findings, the NGO has reached out to various French authorities, urging them to establish guidelines to address the issue of microplastics in beverages.

This isn’t the first time Agir pour l’Environnement has raised concerns about microplastics. Two years ago, the organization published a study revealing the presence of plastic microparticles in nine bottled water brands sold in France. Previous research has estimated that the average person ingests between 39,000 and 52,000 microplastic particles annually from food sources alone.

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German Consumer Group Warns Against Children’s Dietary Supplements

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A leading German consumer group has raised concerns about the safety and necessity of dietary supplements for children, after testing 18 common products and finding issues in 17 of them. The findings highlight the potential risks of excessive vitamin intake and misleading advertising by supplement manufacturers.

High Dosages and Questionable Claims

Berlin-based consumer organization Stiftung Warentest conducted an analysis of 18 widely available children’s dietary supplements. The group examined their ingredients, compared them with recommended nutrient intake levels, and evaluated the accuracy of their advertised benefits. The results were alarming—15 of the products contained dosages exceeding recommended levels for children, while five had vitamin A levels higher than the maximum safe limit for adults.

The group concluded that these supplements are “unnecessary at best and risky at worst.” Their findings align with the stance of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), which states that food supplements are generally not needed for healthy individuals with balanced diets and cannot compensate for poor nutrition.

Growing Popularity Despite Risks

Dietary supplements, regulated as food products in the European Union, have gained widespread popularity in recent years. A 2022 survey across 14 EU countries found that 93% of adults had used supplements in the past year, primarily for perceived health benefits.

For children, supplements are often marketed as tools to enhance growth, cognitive function, or immune strength. However, Stiftung Warentest’s analysis suggests that some of these claims may be misleading.

“Manufacturers use enticing messages and suggestive images to make their products appealing to parents—sometimes using advertising claims that are illegal,” the group reported.

When Supplements Might Be Necessary

While Stiftung Warentest’s findings highlight significant concerns, some experts caution against completely dismissing dietary supplements. Dr. Berthold Koletzko, president of the European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP) and a paediatric gastroenterologist at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, acknowledges that most children do not require supplements but notes exceptions.

“There are young children and adolescents with suboptimal supplies of critical nutrients and even deficiencies,” Koletzko said, pointing to vitamin D, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids as examples.

Certain dietary restrictions, such as vegetarian or gluten-free diets, may increase the need for supplementation. A 2017 study found that 3.4% of German children aged 6 to 17 were vegetarians, a number Koletzko believes has since increased. Additionally, children living in areas with limited sunlight may require vitamin D supplementation.

However, Koletzko warns that not all supplements are equal. Gummy vitamins, for instance, are often high in sugar and may encourage overconsumption due to their candy-like appearance. Excessive vitamin and mineral intake can lead to digestive issues, including stomach discomfort and loose stools.

Expert Advice is Essential

For parents concerned about their child’s nutrition, Koletzko emphasizes the importance of consulting a trusted healthcare professional.

“If you choose a supplement, it’s crucial to select the right one and get advice from your paediatrician,” he advised.

As the debate over dietary supplements continues, Stiftung Warentest’s findings serve as a reminder that parents should approach them with caution, prioritizing a balanced diet over unnecessary supplementation.

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US Tariffs on Pharmaceuticals Could Spark Global Trade Disruptions

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The pharmaceutical industry is bracing for potential upheaval as the United States considers imposing tariffs on drug imports, a move that could send shockwaves across global markets. President Donald Trump has signaled his intent to impose a 25% tariff on pharmaceuticals as part of a broader strategy to bring drug manufacturing back to the US.

Speaking from the Oval Office on Wednesday night, Trump confirmed his administration’s plans to target the pharmaceutical sector.

“We’re going to be doing tariffs on pharmaceuticals to bring our pharmaceuticals back,” he stated.

While the move aims to bolster domestic production, experts warn that the tariffs could lead to unintended consequences, including higher drug prices and supply chain disruptions that would impact both American and European companies. The US, a major importer of pharmaceuticals, heavily depends on European manufacturers for specialized medications. In 2023 alone, the US imported $170 billion (€157 billion) worth of pharmaceutical products, with $127 billion (€117 billion) coming from the EU.

European Markets at Risk

European pharmaceutical firms are particularly vulnerable to the proposed tariffs. Ireland, a key hub for American pharmaceutical companies, could face severe economic repercussions. In 2023, Ireland exported over €80 billion worth of pharmaceuticals to the US, accounting for more than half of its total exports. Major US firms like Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson, and Eli Lilly have significant operations in Ireland, and potential tariffs could lead to job losses and reduced investment.

Denmark’s pharmaceutical sector, especially Novo Nordisk, is also at risk. The company, a leader in diabetes and obesity treatments, generates over 50% of its revenue from the US market. Increased costs due to tariffs could impact American patients while also denting Denmark’s economic growth. The success of Novo Nordisk’s weight-loss drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy has been a major driver of Denmark’s GDP, contributing nearly half of its economic growth in 2023.

Impact on Other European Nations

Beyond Ireland and Denmark, other European pharmaceutical hubs would also feel the strain. Belgium, home to Pfizer’s major European production facilities, exported over $73 billion in pharmaceuticals in 2024, with a quarter of those exports going to the US. Germany’s pharmaceutical and biotech industries, including major players like Bayer and BioNTech, could also face setbacks. France, Italy, and Switzerland—key exporters of vaccines, generics, and high-value specialty drugs—would experience supply chain disruptions and financial strain.

EU Retaliation on the Horizon?

If the US proceeds with tariffs, the European Union may impose retaliatory measures targeting American pharmaceutical companies. The European Commission is reportedly exploring countermeasures, including higher export costs for US firms such as Pfizer, Merck, and Johnson & Johnson.

Additionally, the EU could prioritize domestic pharmaceutical companies in government contracts and revive stalled regulatory reforms, such as the General Pharmaceutical Legislation (GPL) reform, which aims to strengthen Europe’s pharmaceutical sovereignty. The recently proposed Critical Medicines Act could also serve as a framework to counterbalance US trade policies.

With negotiations ongoing, the global pharmaceutical industry is closely watching developments, as any trade war in this sector would have far-reaching consequences for businesses, patients, and healthcare systems on both sides of the Atlantic.

 

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Scientists Discover Drug That Makes Human Blood Lethal to Mosquitoes

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Researchers have identified a promising new method to combat mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria by making human blood toxic to mosquitoes. Their study, published in Science Translational Medicine, suggests that a drug commonly used for rare diseases could help eliminate mosquitoes when ingested through a blood meal.

Nitisinone: A Potential Weapon Against Malaria

The study focused on nitisinone, a medication prescribed for individuals with rare inherited metabolic disorders that affect amino acid breakdown. The drug functions by blocking a specific enzyme, preventing harmful byproducts from accumulating in the human body.

When mosquitoes feed on blood containing nitisinone, the drug disrupts their digestion, ultimately leading to their death. This discovery could pave the way for a novel mosquito control strategy.

“One way to stop the spread of diseases transmitted by insects is to make the blood of animals and humans toxic to these blood-feeding insects,” said Lee R. Haines, associate research professor at the University of Notre Dame and co-lead author of the study.

The findings suggest that nitisinone could serve as an effective and complementary tool in the fight against malaria, which remains a major global health concern.

A Growing Need for Mosquito Control Solutions

Currently, personal protective measures such as bed nets, insect repellents, and window screens help reduce mosquito bites. Another approach involves the use of ivermectin, a drug that kills parasites and is sometimes used to target mosquitoes. However, repeated use of ivermectin can lead to drug resistance and environmental concerns.

Nitisinone, on the other hand, demonstrated significant advantages over ivermectin.

“Nitisinone performance was fantastic,” said Álvaro Acosta Serrano, professor of biological sciences at Notre Dame and co-corresponding author of the study. “It has a much longer half-life in human blood than ivermectin, meaning its mosquito-killing activity lasts much longer. This is critical when applied in the field for safety and economic reasons.”

Crucially, the drug proved effective in eliminating mosquitoes across all age groups, including older mosquitoes, which are the most likely to transmit malaria. It also showed effectiveness against insecticide-resistant mosquitoes.

A New Approach to Mosquito-Borne Disease Prevention

Haines suggested that in the future, alternating between nitisinone and ivermectin could enhance mosquito control efforts.

“For example, nitisinone could be used in areas where ivermectin resistance persists or where the drug is already heavily used for livestock and humans,” he said.

Mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue, West Nile virus, chikungunya, and yellow fever, continue to pose a growing health threat. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has warned that climate change is creating more favorable conditions for invasive mosquito species in Europe, even though malaria was eradicated from the continent decades ago.

This new discovery offers a promising avenue for combating the spread of these diseases, potentially reducing the global burden of mosquito-borne infections.

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