Business
France Faces Economic and Political Challenges Amid Growth Forecast Downgrade
France’s central bank has revised its economic growth forecast downward, predicting a 0.9% expansion in 2025, a reduction from the 1.2% anticipated in September. The updated figures, released Monday evening, also forecast growth of 1.1% in 2024 and 1.3% in both 2026 and 2027.
The downgrade comes amid significant political upheaval and budgetary gridlock, which have raised concerns among economists and investors. Wages are expected to outpace inflation by 2027, but the near-term outlook remains clouded by fiscal uncertainty.
Credit Rating Downgrade
France’s fraught political environment recently prompted credit ratings agency Moody’s to downgrade the nation’s credit score to Aa3. The downgrade reflects apprehension over a ballooning national deficit, projected by Moody’s to hit 6.3% of GDP in 2025.
France has already exceeded the European Union’s deficit cap of 3% in 2024, triggering disciplinary measures from the bloc. However, the central bank offers a slightly more optimistic view, forecasting the public deficit to land between 5% and 5.5% next year.
Government Collapse Intensifies Uncertainty
Adding to the instability, France’s government collapsed earlier this month following a dispute over the 2025 budget. Former Prime Minister Michel Barnier was ousted in early December and replaced by François Bayrou.
The new administration is now racing to draft emergency legislation to prevent a government shutdown, as no budget bill has been passed for 2025. The central bank has warned that such emergency measures could exacerbate next year’s deficit and necessitate a €4 billion increase in income taxes.
Political Divisions and Economic Credibility
The French National Assembly remains deeply divided following a controversial snap election earlier this year, in which no party secured a majority. Prime Minister Bayrou now faces the challenge of bridging these divisions to stabilize the political landscape and address the budget crisis.
François Villeroy de Galhau, Governor of the Bank of France, has called on lawmakers to set aside partisan disputes for the sake of the nation’s credibility. “Political unity is essential to safeguard France’s economic reputation,” he said.
Inflation and Tax Measures
Inflation, a key economic metric, is projected to slow to 2.4% this year, 1.6% in 2025, and 1.9% in 2027. These estimates hinge on tax policies outlined by the previous Barnier government, which may be revised or abandoned under Bayrou’s leadership.
As France navigates this period of economic and political turbulence, questions remain about the nation’s ability to implement the reforms needed to restore fiscal stability and investor confidence.
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Global Markets Slide as Fed’s Hawkish Rate Cut Triggers Bond Yield Surge
Global markets are poised to end the week on a downward trend after the U.S. Federal Reserve’s hawkish rate cut on Wednesday led to a surge in government bond yields and drained liquidity.
Stock Markets Decline
Major equity markets across the globe experienced significant losses, with Thursday marking one of the broadest selloffs since August. The Fed’s decision, which projected fewer rate cuts in 2025, dashed hopes for a year-end “Santa Rally” and spurred negative sentiment among investors.
In the U.S., the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 3.39% over the past five trading days, while the S&P 500 dropped 3.04% and the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite slid 2.8%. The small-cap Russell 2000 was hit hardest, tumbling 5.5%. All 11 sectors of the S&P 500 ended the week in negative territory, with real estate and energy leading losses at 6.84% and 6.76%, respectively.
In Europe, major indices also posted significant declines. The pan-European Stoxx 600 fell 2.32%, Germany’s DAX dropped 2.14%, France’s CAC 40 slipped 1.55%, and the UK’s FTSE 100 shed 2.35%. Declines in energy and industrial stocks weighed heavily on these markets, with oil and metal prices under pressure.
Bond Yields Soar
The Fed’s stance sent yields on benchmark government bonds soaring. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield rose to 4.56%, its highest level since May, while Germany’s 10-year bond yield climbed to 2.3%, a one-month high.
Divergent Central Bank Policies
Central banks around the world responded differently to economic conditions.
In the UK, the Bank of England held interest rates steady at 4.75% but signaled caution about future rate cuts. Governor Andrew Bailey emphasized a gradual approach, contrasting sharply with the Fed’s hawkish outlook. This divergence weakened the British pound to its lowest level since May.
Meanwhile, the Bank of Japan maintained its policy rate and gave no clear guidance on future hikes, causing the yen to weaken against the dollar. In China, the People’s Bank of China left its loan prime rates unchanged, likely influenced by the Fed’s position.
Economic Data and Outlook
In the U.S., third-quarter GDP growth was revised upward to an annualized rate of 3.1%, reinforcing the Fed’s cautious approach to easing. However, New Zealand slipped into a technical recession after consecutive quarters of contraction.
The week’s developments underscore challenges for global markets as they navigate mixed economic signals, tightening monetary policies, and geopolitical uncertainties.
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